N Orban1, E Maughan, N Bleach. 1. Department of Otolaryngology, Wexham Park Hospital, Wexham, UK. n_orban@hotmail.com
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pregnancy-induced rhinitis (PIR) is often misclassified and under-diagnosed. There is currently no cure or optimum symptomatic treatment. OBJECTIVE: To summarize current knowledge of PIR and assess evidence supporting treatment options. TYPE OF REVIEW: Structured literature search. SEARCH STRATEGY AND EVALUATION METHOD: Review of English-language articles addressing evidence for aetiology, classification, differential diagnosis or treatment options for PIR. Comparisons to management of other types of rhinitis in pregnancy are also considered. RESULTS: Incidence and prevalence of PIR vary widely between studies. Hormonal changes have a presumed aetiological role, although present evidence is scanty. Smoking appears to be the only agreed identifiable risk factor. Distinction between PIR and other types of rhinitis in pregnancy, especially allergic rhinitis, is important as effective treatments differ. Management of PIR focuses on minimal intervention required for symptom relief. CONCLUSIONS: Although PIR is temporary, its impact on patients` quality of life can be profound. Advice and conservative treatment provide the mainstay of clinical management. None of the currently available medical options offer an ideal solution. Any potential benefit gained should be balanced against risks to the foetus. Clarifying the definition of this separate category of rhinitis will lead to better recognition, with prompt and appropriate treatment.
BACKGROUND: Pregnancy-induced rhinitis (PIR) is often misclassified and under-diagnosed. There is currently no cure or optimum symptomatic treatment. OBJECTIVE: To summarize current knowledge of PIR and assess evidence supporting treatment options. TYPE OF REVIEW: Structured literature search. SEARCH STRATEGY AND EVALUATION METHOD: Review of English-language articles addressing evidence for aetiology, classification, differential diagnosis or treatment options for PIR. Comparisons to management of other types of rhinitis in pregnancy are also considered. RESULTS: Incidence and prevalence of PIR vary widely between studies. Hormonal changes have a presumed aetiological role, although present evidence is scanty. Smoking appears to be the only agreed identifiable risk factor. Distinction between PIR and other types of rhinitis in pregnancy, especially allergic rhinitis, is important as effective treatments differ. Management of PIR focuses on minimal intervention required for symptom relief. CONCLUSIONS: Although PIR is temporary, its impact on patients` quality of life can be profound. Advice and conservative treatment provide the mainstay of clinical management. None of the currently available medical options offer an ideal solution. Any potential benefit gained should be balanced against risks to the foetus. Clarifying the definition of this separate category of rhinitis will lead to better recognition, with prompt and appropriate treatment.
Authors: Devyani Lal; Ameya A Jategaonkar; Larry Borish; Linda R Chambliss; Sharon H Gnagi; Peter H Hwang; Matthew A Rank; James A Stankiewicz; Valerie J Lund Journal: Rhinology Date: 2016-06 Impact factor: 3.681
Authors: Elisabeth H Ference; Bruce K Tan; Kathryn E Hulse; Rakesh K Chandra; Sean B Smith; Robert C Kern; David B Conley; Stephanie Shintani Smith Journal: Allergy Rhinol (Providence) Date: 2015-01