Therapeutic values clarification and values development for end-of-life patients: a conceptual model.

The social, emotional, cognitive, and spiritual challenges that may be a major concern for a certain category of end-of-life patients are the focus of a conceptual counseling model. The intervention that was developed as a result of several years of practice is referred to as therapeutic values clarification and values development. This article outlines 4 phases of this intervention. This therapeutic process is illustrated by a case vignette with explanation of the key concepts. This model is suggested for use with end-of-life patients that are self-aware, emotionally and cognitively competent, and have adequate verbal skills. It may be useful as an optional tool for hospice workers, social workers, and clergy who render services to terminally ill patients and their families.