Calcaneal fractures - the orthopaedic challenge.

Calcaneal fractures, since their description in 1843 by Malgaigne, still remain a challenge in orthopaedic surgery. They are significant from an epidemiological point of view - they represent 60% of all tarsal fractures, and of an increasing number of fractures due to traffic accidents and their outcome is unpredictable. In contrast to the disappointing results after nonoperative treatment and at the beginnings of calcaneal surgery, the outcome is promising nowadays. New imaging and fixation devices, with proper classification and indication for certain surgical procedures have led to the improved outcome. But, there are still controversies, and we emphasize the most rationale treatment for the calcaneal fractures, as well as best surgical options.