Vaginal films for drug delivery.

Vaginal dosage forms have been studied in relation to many drugs as the vagina presents several advantages as a site for drug delivery, such as large surface area, rich blood supply, avoidance of the first-pass effect, relatively high permeability to several drugs, and self-insertion. Traditional vaginal dosage forms have been associated with disadvantages such as low residence time and discomfort and have been surpassed by newly designed drug delivery systems, particularly those based on bioadhesive polymers. Vaginal films are solid dosage forms that rapidly dissolve in contact with vaginal fluids and are unlikely to be associated with leakage and messiness. They have been studied for some female genital problems, aiming either contraceptive, antimicrobial, or microbicide effects. Precise and complex processes of manufacturing and characterization are required to achieve successful film formulation. Although scarce, the available user's acceptability studies show promising results. Vaginal films gather a lack of opportunities for both therapeutic and prophylactic actions, and therefore should be considered when designing and developing new vaginal drug delivery systems.