Atomic insight into copper nanostructures nucleation on bending graphene.

Some findings in heterogeneous nucleation that the structural features of a growing crystal are usually inherited from the heterogeneous nucleus, although attracting more and more attention, are not yet well understood. Here we report numerical simulations of copper nucleation on bending graphene (BG) to explore the microscopic details of how the curved surface influences the freezing structure of the liquid metal. The simulation result clearly shows that copper atoms become layered at the solid-liquid interface in a "C"-shaped pattern resembling the BG. This kind of shape control decays with increasing distance from the wall and the outmost layers transform into twin crystal composed of two fcc wedges. It is found that the final structures have striking correlations with the curvature radius, central angle and arc length of the BG. Our study would provide an opportunity for comprehensive and satisfactory understanding of the heterogeneous nucleation on curved surfaces.