BACKGROUND: Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) who are starved have poor awareness (alexithymia), reduced understanding of others' mental states (cognitive empathy), and difficulty regulating personal emotions (self-regulation). Despite its important role in social interaction, sympathy for others (emotional empathy) has not been measured in AN. Furthermore, it is unknown how restoring weight affects the relationship among alexithymia, empathy, and self-regulation in AN. METHODS: Women with AN were tested longitudinally during their starvation period (N = 26) and after weight was restored (N = 20) and compared with 16 age-matched healthy women. Alexithymia, empathy, and self-regulation were assessed with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and items measuring self-regulation from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2, respectively. RESULTS: Relative to comparison participants, individuals with AN during both starvation and weight restoration reported greater alexithymia and emotional empathy in one domain, personal distress (vicarious negative arousal to others' suffering). Among AN participants, personal distress was positively correlated with alexithymia and negatively correlated with self-regulation, when accounting for depression. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of alexithymia and personal distress may be persistent features of AN because they do not resolve upon weight restoration. Greater personal distress in AN may be a function of poor emotional awareness and regulation.
BACKGROUND: Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) who are starved have poor awareness (alexithymia), reduced understanding of others' mental states (cognitive empathy), and difficulty regulating personal emotions (self-regulation). Despite its important role in social interaction, sympathy for others (emotional empathy) has not been measured in AN. Furthermore, it is unknown how restoring weight affects the relationship among alexithymia, empathy, and self-regulation in AN. METHODS:Women with AN were tested longitudinally during their starvation period (N = 26) and after weight was restored (N = 20) and compared with 16 age-matched healthy women. Alexithymia, empathy, and self-regulation were assessed with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and items measuring self-regulation from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2, respectively. RESULTS: Relative to comparison participants, individuals with AN during both starvation and weight restoration reported greater alexithymia and emotional empathy in one domain, personal distress (vicarious negative arousal to others' suffering). Among AN participants, personal distress was positively correlated with alexithymia and negatively correlated with self-regulation, when accounting for depression. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of alexithymia and personal distress may be persistent features of AN because they do not resolve upon weight restoration. Greater personal distress in AN may be a function of poor emotional awareness and regulation.
Authors: I Carina Gillberg; Eva Billstedt; Elisabet Wentz; Henrik Anckarsäter; Maria Råstam; Christopher Gillberg Journal: J Clin Exp Neuropsychol Date: 2009-10-23 Impact factor: 2.475
Authors: Varun Warrier; Roberto Toro; Bhismadev Chakrabarti; Anders D Børglum; Jakob Grove; David A Hinds; Thomas Bourgeron; Simon Baron-Cohen Journal: Transl Psychiatry Date: 2018-03-12 Impact factor: 6.222
Authors: Cindy Schmelkin; Franziska Plessow; Jennifer J Thomas; Emily K Gray; Dean A Marengi; Reitumetse Pulumo; Lisseth Silva; Karen K Miller; Nouchine Hadjikhani; Debra L Franko; Kamryn T Eddy; Elizabeth A Lawson Journal: Int J Eat Disord Date: 2017-10-16 Impact factor: 4.861
Authors: V Warrier; K L Grasby; F Uzefovsky; R Toro; P Smith; B Chakrabarti; J Khadake; E Mawbey-Adamson; N Litterman; J-J Hottenga; G Lubke; D I Boomsma; N G Martin; P K Hatemi; S E Medland; D A Hinds; T Bourgeron; S Baron-Cohen Journal: Mol Psychiatry Date: 2017-06-06 Impact factor: 15.992