AIMS: In this article, inflammatory mechanisms that link periodontal diseases to cardiovascular diseases are reviewed. METHODS: This article is a literature review. RESULTS: Studies in the literature implicate a number of possible mechanisms that could be responsible for increased inflammatory responses in atheromatous lesions due to periodontal infections. These include increased systemic levels of inflammatory mediators stimulated by bacteria and their products at sites distant from the oral cavity, elevated thrombotic and hemostatic markers that promote a prothrombotic state and inflammation, cross-reactive systemic antibodies that promote inflammation and interact with the atheroma, promotion of dyslipidemia with consequent increases in pro-inflammatory lipid classes and subclasses, and common genetic susceptibility factors present in both disease leading to increased inflammatory responses. CONCLUSIONS: Such mechanisms may be thought to act in concert to increase systemic inflammation in periodontal disease and to promote or exacerbate atherogenesis. However, proof that the increase in systemic inflammation attributable to periodontitis impacts inflammatory responses during atheroma development, thrombotic events or myocardial infarction or stroke is lacking.
AIMS: In this article, inflammatory mechanisms that link periodontal diseases to cardiovascular diseases are reviewed. METHODS: This article is a literature review. RESULTS: Studies in the literature implicate a number of possible mechanisms that could be responsible for increased inflammatory responses in atheromatous lesions due to periodontal infections. These include increased systemic levels of inflammatory mediators stimulated by bacteria and their products at sites distant from the oral cavity, elevated thrombotic and hemostatic markers that promote a prothrombotic state and inflammation, cross-reactive systemic antibodies that promote inflammation and interact with the atheroma, promotion of dyslipidemia with consequent increases in pro-inflammatory lipid classes and subclasses, and common genetic susceptibility factors present in both disease leading to increased inflammatory responses. CONCLUSIONS: Such mechanisms may be thought to act in concert to increase systemic inflammation in periodontal disease and to promote or exacerbate atherogenesis. However, proof that the increase in systemic inflammation attributable to periodontitis impacts inflammatory responses during atheroma development, thrombotic events or myocardial infarction or stroke is lacking.
Authors: Anne E Sanders; Greg K Essick; James D Beck; Jianwen Cai; Shirley Beaver; Tracy L Finlayson; Phyllis C Zee; Jose S Loredo; Alberto R Ramos; Richard H Singer; Monik C Jimenez; Janice M Barnhart; Susan Redline Journal: Sleep Date: 2015-08-01 Impact factor: 5.849
Authors: A A Akinkugbe; C L Avery; A S Barritt; S R Cole; M Lerch; J Mayerle; S Offenbacher; A Petersmann; M Nauck; H Völzke; G D Slade; G Heiss; T Kocher; B Holtfreter Journal: J Dent Res Date: 2017-07-21 Impact factor: 6.116
Authors: Aderonke A Akinkugbe; Gary D Slade; A Sidney Barritt; Stephen R Cole; Steven Offenbacher; Astrid Petersmann; Thomas Kocher; Markus M Lerch; Julia Mayerle; Henry Völzke; Gerardo Heiss; Birte Holtfreter Journal: J Clin Periodontol Date: 2017-09-22 Impact factor: 8.728
Authors: Nicole Delange; Suzanne Lindsay; Hector Lemus; Tracy L Finlayson; Scott T Kelley; Roberta A Gottlieb Journal: J Periodontol Date: 2018-02-23 Impact factor: 6.993