Purification, amino acid sequence, and some properties of rabbit kidney lysozyme.

The lysozyme (rabbit kidney lysozyme) from the homogenate of rabbit kidney (Japanese white) was purified by repeated cation-exchange chromatography on Bio-Rex 70. The amino acid sequence was determined by automated gas-phase Edman degradation of the peptides obtained from the digestion of reduced and S-carboxymethylated rabbit lysozyme with Achromobacter protease I (lysyl endopeptidase). The sequence thus determined was KIYERCELARTLKKLGLDGYKGVSLANWMCLAKWESSYNTRATNYNPGDKSTDYGIFQ INSRYWCNDGKTPRAVNACHIPCSDLLKDDITQAVACAKRVVSDPQGIRAWVAWRNHCQ NQDLTPYIRGCGV, indicating 25 amino acid substitutions from human lysozyme. The lytic activity of rabbit lysozyme against Micrococcus lysodeikticus at pH 7, ionic strength of 0.1, and 30 degrees C was found to be 190 and 60% of those of hen and human lysozymes, respectively. The lytic activity-pH profile of rabbit lysozyme was slightly different from those of hen and human lysozymes. While hen and human lysozymes had wide optimum activities at around pH 5.5-8.5, the optimum activity of rabbit lysozyme was at around pH 5.5-7.0. The high proline content (five residues per molecule compared with two prolines per molecule in hen or human lysozyme) is one of the interesting features of rabbit lysozyme. The transition temperatures for the unfolding of rabbit, human, and hen lysozymes in 3 M guanidine hydrochloride at pH 5.5 were 51.2, 45.5, and 45.4 degrees C, respectively, indicating that rabbit lysozyme is stabler than the other two lysozymes. The high proline content may be responsible for the increased stability of rabbit lysozyme.