X H Li1, Y Ouyang, G X Lu. 1. Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To assess the value of transvaginal sonography (TVS) in the diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy (HP) in the first trimester after in-vitro fertilization with embryo transfer (IVF-ET). METHODS: This was a retrospective review of women undergoing IVF-ET between January 2005 and December 2011. Women were diagnosed with an HP using TVS if a visible intrauterine gestational sac was observed with any of the following: (i) an inhomogeneous adnexal mass; (ii) an empty extrauterine gestational sac seen as a hyperechoic ring; or (iii) a yolk sac and/or fetal pole with or without cardiac activity in an extrauterine sac. RESULTS: Overall, 16 483 consecutive women who underwent IVF had TVS during the study. Of these, 174 cases were diagnosed on TVS as having an HP, and 10 cases were missed. Fifty-two cases were treated expectantly and were excluded from the analysis. Three types of ultrasonographic presentation of ectopic pregnancy (EP) were seen in HP patients, with a gestational sac found in 70 cases, a ring sign in 21 and an adnexal mass in 31. The sensitivity and specificity of TVS for the detection of HP were 92.4 and 100%, respectively, with positive and negative predictive values of 100 and 99.9%. The HP cases comprised 103 tubal EPs and 29 non-tubal EPs. In 93 patients (70.5%), their intrauterine pregnancy resulted in a live birth, 37 patients (28.0%) suffered an early miscarriage and two patients (1.5%) had a late miscarriage. CONCLUSION: Early TVS performed by an experienced sonographer has a high sensitivity for making the correct diagnosis of HP after IVF-ET.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the value of transvaginal sonography (TVS) in the diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy (HP) in the first trimester after in-vitro fertilization with embryo transfer (IVF-ET). METHODS: This was a retrospective review of women undergoing IVF-ET between January 2005 and December 2011. Women were diagnosed with an HP using TVS if a visible intrauterine gestational sac was observed with any of the following: (i) an inhomogeneous adnexal mass; (ii) an empty extrauterine gestational sac seen as a hyperechoic ring; or (iii) a yolk sac and/or fetal pole with or without cardiac activity in an extrauterine sac. RESULTS: Overall, 16 483 consecutive women who underwent IVF had TVS during the study. Of these, 174 cases were diagnosed on TVS as having an HP, and 10 cases were missed. Fifty-two cases were treated expectantly and were excluded from the analysis. Three types of ultrasonographic presentation of ectopic pregnancy (EP) were seen in HP patients, with a gestational sac found in 70 cases, a ring sign in 21 and an adnexal mass in 31. The sensitivity and specificity of TVS for the detection of HP were 92.4 and 100%, respectively, with positive and negative predictive values of 100 and 99.9%. The HP cases comprised 103 tubal EPs and 29 non-tubal EPs. In 93 patients (70.5%), their intrauterine pregnancy resulted in a live birth, 37 patients (28.0%) suffered an early miscarriage and two patients (1.5%) had a late miscarriage. CONCLUSION: Early TVS performed by an experienced sonographer has a high sensitivity for making the correct diagnosis of HP after IVF-ET.
Authors: A Hamza; G Meyberg-Solomayer; I Juhasz-Böss; R Joukhadar; Z Takacs; E-F Solomayer; S Baum; J Radosa; L Mavrova; D Herr Journal: Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd Date: 2016-04 Impact factor: 2.915