BACKGROUND:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is traditionally associated with chronic liver injury resulting from hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection or excessive consumption of alcohol. In addition, recent evidence links HCC to diabetes. AIMS: Since these risk factors are prevalent among US veterans, we analyzedcontribution of various etiologies toHCC incidence in this population. METHODS: Clinicopathological correlates of 150 male US veterans diagnosed with HCC between 2001 and 2010 were analyzed and compared to frequency-matched (2:1) non-cancer controls in a single center. RESULTS: HCC was associated with cirrhosis (odds ratio [OR], 250.84; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 86.92-723.88; p < 0.0001), chronic hepatitis B (OR, 34.30 95 % CI, 1.97-598.47; p = 0.015), chronic hepatitis C (OR, 6.84; 95 % CI, 3.89-12.04; p < 0.0001), alcohol use (OR, 6.76; 95 % CI, 4.35-10.52; p < 0.0001), and smoking (OR, 1.83; 95 % CI, 1.23-2.89; p = 0.009), but surprisingly not with diabetes. Only in a subgroup of HCC patients with no "traditional" risk factors did diabetes become a strong independent predictor of HCC when compared to HCC patients with at least one such risk factor (OR, 10.69; 95 % CI, 1.88-60.63, p = 0.007). This subgroup was further distinguished by older age, increased prevalence of hypertension, nonsmoking, and a trend to develop noncirrhotic HCC. CONCLUSIONS: While HCC in US veterans is overwhelmingly linked to cirrhosis due to "traditional" risk factors, it also occurs with a separate clinical profile characterized by diabetes and no evidence of cirrhosis, suggesting distinct mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis and needs for surveillance.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is traditionally associated with chronic liver injury resulting from hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection or excessive consumption of alcohol. In addition, recent evidence links HCC to diabetes. AIMS: Since these risk factors are prevalent among US veterans, we analyzedcontribution of various etiologies toHCC incidence in this population. METHODS: Clinicopathological correlates of 150 male US veterans diagnosed with HCC between 2001 and 2010 were analyzed and compared to frequency-matched (2:1) non-cancer controls in a single center. RESULTS: HCC was associated with cirrhosis (odds ratio [OR], 250.84; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 86.92-723.88; p < 0.0001), chronic hepatitis B (OR, 34.30 95 % CI, 1.97-598.47; p = 0.015), chronic hepatitis C (OR, 6.84; 95 % CI, 3.89-12.04; p < 0.0001), alcohol use (OR, 6.76; 95 % CI, 4.35-10.52; p < 0.0001), and smoking (OR, 1.83; 95 % CI, 1.23-2.89; p = 0.009), but surprisingly not with diabetes. Only in a subgroup of HCC patients with no "traditional" risk factors did diabetes become a strong independent predictor of HCC when compared to HCC patients with at least one such risk factor (OR, 10.69; 95 % CI, 1.88-60.63, p = 0.007). This subgroup was further distinguished by older age, increased prevalence of hypertension, nonsmoking, and a trend to develop noncirrhotic HCC. CONCLUSIONS: While HCC in US veterans is overwhelmingly linked to cirrhosis due to "traditional" risk factors, it also occurs with a separate clinical profile characterized by diabetes and no evidence of cirrhosis, suggesting distinct mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis and needs for surveillance.
Authors: Jessica A Davila; Louise Henderson; Jennifer R Kramer; Fasiha Kanwal; Peter A Richardson; Zhigang Duan; Hashem B El-Serag Journal: Ann Intern Med Date: 2011-01-18 Impact factor: 25.391
Authors: Petr Pancoska; Brian I Carr; Edoardo G Giannini; Fabio Farinati; Francesca Ciccarese; Gian Ludovico Rapaccini; Maria Di Marco; Luisa Benvegnù; Marco Zoli; Franco Borzio; Eugenio Caturelli; Maria Chiaramonte; Franco Trevisani Journal: Semin Oncol Date: 2014-04-24 Impact factor: 4.929
Authors: Diego García-Compeán; Emanuela Orsi; Ramesh Kumar; Felix Gundling; Tsutomu Nishida; Jesús Zacarías Villarreal-Pérez; Ángel N Del Cueto-Aguilera; José A González-González; Giuseppe Pugliese Journal: World J Gastroenterol Date: 2022-02-28 Impact factor: 5.742