Age and the effect of physical activity on breast cancer survival: A systematic review.

The effect of physical activity (PA) on cancer survival is still the topic of debate in oncology research focusing on survivorship, and has been investigated retrospectively in several large clinical trials. PA has been shown to improve quality of life, fitness and strength, and to reduce depression and fatigue. At present, there is a growing body of evidence on the effects of PA interventions for cancer survivors on health outcomes. PA and functional limitations are interrelated in the elderly. However the relationship between breast cancer survival and PA in older breast cancer patients has not yet been fully investigated. Our systematic review of the existing literature on this topic yielded seventeen studies. Most reports demonstrated an improved overall and breast cancer-specific survival. Furthermore, in studies that compared younger women with older or postmenopausal women, it was suggested that the beneficial effect of PA may be even greater in older women. Understanding the interaction between physical functioning and cancer survival in older breast cancer patients is key, and may contribute to successful treatment and survival. In this population of cancer survivors it is therefore imperative to embark on research focused on improving physical functioning in the context of comorbidities and functional limitations.