Fusarium spp. and storage fungi in suboptimally stored wheat: Mycotoxins and influence on wheat gluten proteins.

When wheat is stored under suboptimal conditions, a further mycotoxin increase of deoxynivalenol (DON), but especially of mycotoxins produced by storage fungi, e.g. ochratoxin A, is possible, lowering wheat quality and food safety. Different storage trials were conducted under suboptimal storage conditions.Fusarium survival during suboptimal storage was monitored by cultural technique and multiplex-PCR and set into relation to DON contents. Furthermore, XANES spectroscopy was applied on a selected storage trial in order to characterize sulfur speciation in low molecular weight (LMW) subunits of glutenin isolated from suboptimally stored wheat samples highly infected withFusarium and from wheat infected withAspergillus andPenicillium. Distinct changes in sulfur speciation were observed in grains infected with storage fungi, especially a significant increase of higher oxidation states (sulfoxide state, sulfonate state).