BACKGROUND: Unlike the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) arachidonic acid (AA), n-3-PUFAs such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) appear to have beneficial effects on inflammation, thrombosis, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We examined possible alterations in serum PUFA profiles in patients on maintenance hemodialysis therapy and its association with CVD risk. STUDY DESIGN: An observational study including cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: Single-center study of 517 maintenance hemodialysis patients in an urban area in Japan. PREDICTORS: Serum EPA, DHA, and AA concentrations and EPA:AA, DHA:AA, and (EPA+DHA):AA ratios. OUTCOMES: CVD events, including ischemic heart disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, pulmonary edema, and valve disease. RESULTS: Hemodialysis patients showed lower (EPA+DHA):AA, EPA:AA, and DHA:AA ratios than 122 controls similar in age and sex. During follow-up, 190 CVD events were recorded. (EPA+DHA):AA ratio was not associated significantly with CVD in unadjusted analysis, but was associated significantly and inversely with CVD in Cox models adjusted for age and other confounding variables, with HRs in the range of 1.71-1.99 in the lowest versus highest quartile of (EPA+DHA):AA ratios. Similarly, EPA:AA and DHA:AA ratios showed inverse associations with CVD, whereas serum EPA, DHA, and AA concentrations were not predictive of CVD. LIMITATIONS: No information for dietary intake, use of dietary supplements, or cell membrane PUFA content. CONCLUSIONS: In hemodialysis patients, serum PUFA profile is unfavorably altered, and the low n-3-PUFA:AA ratios are independent predictors of CVD.
BACKGROUND: Unlike the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) arachidonic acid (AA), n-3-PUFAs such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) appear to have beneficial effects on inflammation, thrombosis, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We examined possible alterations in serum PUFA profiles in patients on maintenance hemodialysis therapy and its association with CVD risk. STUDY DESIGN: An observational study including cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: Single-center study of 517 maintenance hemodialysis patients in an urban area in Japan. PREDICTORS: Serum EPA, DHA, and AA concentrations and EPA:AA, DHA:AA, and (EPA+DHA):AA ratios. OUTCOMES: CVD events, including ischemic heart disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, pulmonary edema, and valve disease. RESULTS: Hemodialysis patients showed lower (EPA+DHA):AA, EPA:AA, and DHA:AA ratios than 122 controls similar in age and sex. During follow-up, 190 CVD events were recorded. (EPA+DHA):AA ratio was not associated significantly with CVD in unadjusted analysis, but was associated significantly and inversely with CVD in Cox models adjusted for age and other confounding variables, with HRs in the range of 1.71-1.99 in the lowest versus highest quartile of (EPA+DHA):AA ratios. Similarly, EPA:AA and DHA:AA ratios showed inverse associations with CVD, whereas serum EPA, DHA, and AA concentrations were not predictive of CVD. LIMITATIONS: No information for dietary intake, use of dietary supplements, or cell membrane PUFA content. CONCLUSIONS: In hemodialysis patients, serum PUFA profile is unfavorably altered, and the low n-3-PUFA:AA ratios are independent predictors of CVD.
Authors: Suetonia C Palmer; Marinella Ruospo; Katrina L Campbell; Vanessa Garcia Larsen; Valeria Saglimbene; Patrizia Natale; Letizia Gargano; Jonathan C Craig; David W Johnson; Marcello Tonelli; John Knight; Anna Bednarek-Skublewska; Eduardo Celia; Domingo Del Castillo; Jan Dulawa; Tevfik Ecder; Elisabeth Fabricius; João Miguel Frazão; Ruben Gelfman; Susanne Hildegard Hoischen; Staffan Schön; Paul Stroumza; Delia Timofte; Marietta Török; Jörgen Hegbrant; Charlotta Wollheim; Luc Frantzen; G F M Strippoli Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2015-03-20 Impact factor: 2.692
Authors: H Robert Superko; Alex R Superko; Gina P Lundberg; Basil Margolis; Brenda C Garrett; Khurram Nasir; Arthur S Agatston Journal: Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep Date: 2014