A hospital quit-smoking consult service: clinical report and intervention guidelines.

A minimal-contact quit-smoking consult service was established to treat hospital inpatients and outpatients referred for behavioral smoking cessation treatment. Sixty-two consecutively referred patients were evaluated and triaged to one of three standardized quitting protocols: motivational counseling; standard behavioral abstinence counseling; or abstinence counseling plus nicotine fading. Consultations included personalized self-quit materials and planned telephone follow-up to enhance compliance. Triage differentiated patients with different levels of quitting readiness and nicotine dependence. Six months after treatment, 27% of patients had quit smoking (informant-verified). Predictors of quit attempts were shorter smoking history and lower nicotine dependence. Variables predicting cessation or substantial reductions in estimated daily nicotine intake included higher educational level, stronger beliefs in smoking health harms, higher trait anxiety, a greater desire to quit and quitting self-efficacy, and the recall of direct quitting advice from the referring physician. Results compare favorably with those of more intensive treatments with similar patient groups. Recommendations are presented for controlled follow-up research to explore promising findings in this clinical report.