Outcomes and prognostic factors for patients with acute myeloid leukemia admitted to the intensive care unit.

Patients receiving treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) commonly experience life-threatening complications requiring intensive care unit (ICU) support. This is a retrospective study of 505 patients with newly diagnosed AML who were treated with intensive chemotherapy between January 1999 and December 2010. Eighty-three patients (16.4%) were identified who had required 92 ICU admissions. The indication for ICU admission was hemodynamic instability in 47.0% of patients and respiratory impairment in 42.2%. The underlying pathology was most commonly infection (77.1%). Vasopressors were required in 67.5% of admissions, mechanical ventilation in 60.2% and hemodialysis in 15.7%. Rates of survival to hospital discharge and 12 months were 59.0% and 41.3%, respectively. Mechanical ventilation use and higher fibrinogen were independently associated with mortality prior to hospital discharge, and mechanical ventilation use and AML cytogenetic risk group were predictive of mortality within 12 months of ICU admission. By providing a more accurate estimation of a patient's chance of recovery, such prognostic factors may contribute to decision-making about the appropriateness of admission to the ICU or continuation of intensive life-sustaining measures.