PURPOSE: Throwing a baseball requires a coordinated sequence of scapula and humerus movements also called scapulo-humeral rhythm (SHR). Fatigue associated with repetitive throwing can lead to scapular dyskinesia, a recognized cause of shoulder disability in pitchers and overhead athletes. We introduce a novel device, the Xbus Kit, which can objectively assess scapular biomechanics and the effect of pitching on SHR. METHODS: SHR was studied using the Xbus Kit (Xsens Technologies B.V., NL). Thirteen collegiate baseball pitchers (aged 20 ± 2.6) were studied, evaluating SHR in forward elevation and abduction in three sessions: before throwing (S1), after 60 pitches (S2) and 24 h after a pitching session (S3). RESULTS: SHR changes were found in 85 % of pitchers (11 cases), and no changes were observed in 2 cases (15 %). We were able to subdivide pitchers into four groups, based on their response to pitching. CONCLUSION: Repetitive movement of pitching leads to SHR changes and sometimes, incomplete restoration of normal shoulder biomechanics.
PURPOSE: Throwing a baseball requires a coordinated sequence of scapula and humerus movements also called scapulo-humeral rhythm (SHR). Fatigue associated with repetitive throwing can lead to scapular dyskinesia, a recognized cause of shoulder disability in pitchers and overhead athletes. We introduce a novel device, the Xbus Kit, which can objectively assess scapular biomechanics and the effect of pitching on SHR. METHODS: SHR was studied using the Xbus Kit (Xsens Technologies B.V., NL). Thirteen collegiate baseball pitchers (aged 20 ± 2.6) were studied, evaluating SHR in forward elevation and abduction in three sessions: before throwing (S1), after 60 pitches (S2) and 24 h after a pitching session (S3). RESULTS: SHR changes were found in 85 % of pitchers (11 cases), and no changes were observed in 2 cases (15 %). We were able to subdivide pitchers into four groups, based on their response to pitching. CONCLUSION: Repetitive movement of pitching leads to SHR changes and sometimes, incomplete restoration of normal shoulder biomechanics.
Authors: Ge Wu; Frans C T van der Helm; H E J DirkJan Veeger; Mohsen Makhsous; Peter Van Roy; Carolyn Anglin; Jochem Nagels; Andrew R Karduna; Kevin McQuade; Xuguang Wang; Frederick W Werner; Bryan Buchholz Journal: J Biomech Date: 2005-05 Impact factor: 2.712
Authors: Andrea Giovanni Cutti; Andrea Giovanardi; Laura Rocchi; Angelo Davalli; Rinaldo Sacchetti Journal: Med Biol Eng Comput Date: 2007-12-18 Impact factor: 2.602
Authors: Kristin E Meyer; Erin E Saether; Emily K Soiney; Meegan S Shebeck; Keith L Paddock; Paula M Ludewig Journal: J Appl Biomech Date: 2008-02 Impact factor: 1.833
Authors: R Lyndsey Rich; Aaron H Struminger; W Steven Tucker; Barry A Munkasy; A Barry Joyner; Thomas A Buckley Journal: J Athl Train Date: 2016-07-19 Impact factor: 2.860
Authors: A Pellegrini; P Tonino; D Salazar; K Hendrix; I Parel; A Cutti; P Paladini; F Ceccarelli; G Porcellini Journal: Musculoskelet Surg Date: 2016-11-30
Authors: Melissa M B Morrow; Bethany Lowndes; Emma Fortune; Kenton R Kaufman; M Susan Hallbeck Journal: J Appl Biomech Date: 2017-06-26 Impact factor: 1.833