Photostability of crystalline versus amorphous nifedipine and nimodipine.

True solid-state photostability of the drugs nifedipine and nimodipine was investigated during exposure to UV-visible radiation. Photostability was studied on a small scale as thin films of approximately 1 mg drug, which contained either amorphous or re-crystallised stable phases. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed a greater rate and extent of decomposition for the amorphous phases. Photoexposed amorphous nifedipine exhibited approximately 1.8-fold larger first-order decomposition rate constant (k) relative to its crystalline phase. The increase in k was more significant for photoexposed amorphous nimodipine at approximately sixfold relative to its crystalline phase. Photodecomposition in scaled-up samples of the stable crystalline phases for both drugs was monitored with X-ray diffraction in Bragg-Brentano geometry. The similarities in the calculated photodecomposition extents to results from small scale validated the specificity of the X-ray analysis technique to the photodecomposition region. The considerably faster decomposition rates in small-scale studies were attributed to a maximised surface area (A) for quantity (m0 ) of exposed drug. Kinetic interpretations of true solid-state stability should consider the sample solid dimensions in terms of the direct exposed A and m0 in the photodecomposition region, that is, outer layers in solid.