A review of histopathological and immunohistochemical parameters in diagnosis of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with a case of gingival metastasis.

The oral cavity constitutes a site of low prevalence for metastasis of malignant tumors. However, oral metastasis of a renal origin is relatively more common and represents 2% of all cancer deaths. Renal cancer may metastasize to any part of the body, with a 15% risk of metastasis to the head and neck regions, and pose one of the greatest diagnostic challenges in medical sciences. Approximately 25% of patients have a metastatic disease at initial assessment, which is often responsible for initiating the diagnosis in the first place. Here we present a review of literature of renal cell carcinoma along with a case of gingival metastasis.