Analysis of MDPV in blood--determination and interpretation.

3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is a cathinone derivative. It has recently been classified as a controlled substance in many countries. This substance is a stimulant that can be snorted, smoked or taken orally. MDPV has been determined in biological material from four cases sent to the Institute of Forensic Research in 2011. In the first case, a passenger car crashed into a truck; the driver of the vehicle suffered severe injuries, resulting in his death. In the second case, biological material was obtained from the decedent male individual, who did not wake up after a party. In the two cases, the material was secured on suspicion of the possession of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, in which the suspects admitted to using "legal highs." The MDPV blood concentrations of the deceased driver and deceased man were 38 and 17 ng/mL, respectively. In the two other cases, the determined concentrations were 306 and 124 ng/mL. However, MDPV was not the sole substance detected in these cases: in each, other drugs were also determined. Analyses of blood were conducted using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.