Race, ethnicity and income as factors for HPV vaccine acceptance and use.

If distributed equitably, Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have the potential to reduce racial disparities in HPV-related diseases and cervical cancers. However, current trends in the US indicate low uptake among all adolescents, with persistent disparities among minority and low-income adolescents despite largely positive views of vaccination among their parents. As Black, Hispanic, and Asian populations continue to grow in the US over the next 40 y, it is imperative that we not only improve HPV vaccination rates overall, but focus on high-risk populations to prevent an increase in cervical cancer disparities. This review discusses initiation and completion rates of the three-dose HPV vaccine series among adolescents in high-risk groups and describes cultural similarities and differences in motivation and barriers to vaccination. The goal of this review is to highlight factors leading to vaccination in different adolescent racial groups and to help guide the development of strategies to increase rates of vaccine initiation and completion among groups at the highest risk for developing cervical cancer.