Transcatheter treatment of patent foramen ovale combined with abnormal drainage of left superior vena cava to left upper pulmonary vein.

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been known to be the cause of transient ischemic attacks or stroke, and transcatheter device closure has been the treatment of choice for these defects. Combined defect of abnormal drainage of left superior vena cava (LSVC) to left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV) in PFO patients is an uncommon combination, and both can act as a pathway for paradoxical embolism. We report a successful closure of PFO, using Amplatzer® PFO occluder (St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN, USA) and persistent LSVC connected to LSPV using an Amplatzer® Vascular Plug II (St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN, USA). Because this combined anomaly of PFO and persistent LSVC can be treated by a single transcatheter intervention, if clinically suspected, a complete evaluation for this anomaly should be considered.