BACKGROUND: Due to its antibacterial properties, silver (Ag) has been used in more consumer products than any other nanomaterial so far. Despite the promising advantages posed by using Ag-nanoparticles (NPs), their interaction with mammalian systems is currently not fully understood. An exposure route via inhalation is of primary concern for humans in an occupational setting. Aim of this study was therefore to investigate the potential adverse effects of aerosolised Ag-NPs using a human epithelial airway barrier model composed of A549, monocyte derived macrophage and dendritic cells cultured in vitro at the air-liquid interface. Cell cultures were exposed to 20 nm citrate-coated Ag-NPs with a deposition of 30 and 278 ng/cm2 respectively and incubated for 4 h and 24 h. To elucidate whether any effects of Ag-NPs are due to ionic effects, Ag-Nitrate (AgNO3) solutions were aerosolised at the same molecular mass concentrations. RESULTS: Agglomerates of Ag-NPs were detected at 24 h post exposure in vesicular structures inside cells but the cellular integrity was not impaired upon Ag-NP exposures. Minimal cytotoxicity, by measuring the release of lactate dehydrogenase, could only be detected following a higher concentrated AgNO3-solution. A release of pro-inflammatory markers TNF-α and IL-8 was neither observed upon Ag-NP and AgNO3 exposures as well as was not affected when cells were pre-stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Also, an induction of mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-8, could only be observed for the highest AgNO3 concentration alone or even significantly increased when pre-stimulated with LPS after 4 h. However, this effect disappeared after 24 h. Furthermore, oxidative stress markers (HMOX-1, SOD-1) were expressed after 4 h in a concentration dependent manner following AgNO3 exposures only. CONCLUSIONS: With an experimental setup reflecting physiological exposure conditions in the human lung more realistic, the present study indicates that Ag-NPs do not cause adverse effects and cells were only sensitive to high Ag-ion concentrations. Chronic exposure scenarios however, are needed to reveal further insight into the fate of Ag-NPs after deposition and cell interactions.
BACKGROUND: Due to its antibacterial properties, silver (Ag) has been used in more consumer products than any other nanomaterial so far. Despite the promising advantages posed by using Ag-nanoparticles (NPs), their interaction with mammalian systems is currently not fully understood. An exposure route via inhalation is of primary concern for humans in an occupational setting. Aim of this study was therefore to investigate the potential adverse effects of aerosolised Ag-NPs using a human epithelial airway barrier model composed of A549, monocyte derived macrophage and dendritic cells cultured in vitro at the air-liquid interface. Cell cultures were exposed to 20 nm citrate-coated Ag-NPs with a deposition of 30 and 278 ng/cm2 respectively and incubated for 4 h and 24 h. To elucidate whether any effects of Ag-NPs are due to ionic effects, Ag-Nitrate (AgNO3) solutions were aerosolised at the same molecular mass concentrations. RESULTS: Agglomerates of Ag-NPs were detected at 24 h post exposure in vesicular structures inside cells but the cellular integrity was not impaired upon Ag-NP exposures. Minimal cytotoxicity, by measuring the release of lactate dehydrogenase, could only be detected following a higher concentrated AgNO3-solution. A release of pro-inflammatory markers TNF-α and IL-8 was neither observed upon Ag-NP and AgNO3 exposures as well as was not affected when cells were pre-stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Also, an induction of mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-8, could only be observed for the highest AgNO3 concentration alone or even significantly increased when pre-stimulated with LPS after 4 h. However, this effect disappeared after 24 h. Furthermore, oxidative stress markers (HMOX-1, SOD-1) were expressed after 4 h in a concentration dependent manner following AgNO3 exposures only. CONCLUSIONS: With an experimental setup reflecting physiological exposure conditions in the human lung more realistic, the present study indicates that Ag-NPs do not cause adverse effects and cells were only sensitive to high Ag-ion concentrations. Chronic exposure scenarios however, are needed to reveal further insight into the fate of Ag-NPs after deposition and cell interactions.
Authors: Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser; Fabian Blank; Christian Mühlfeld; Peter Gehr Journal: Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol Date: 2008-08 Impact factor: 4.481
Authors: Margriet V D Z Park; Arianne M Neigh; Jolanda P Vermeulen; Liset J J de la Fonteyne; Henny W Verharen; Jacob J Briedé; Henk van Loveren; Wim H de Jong Journal: Biomaterials Date: 2011-09-25 Impact factor: 12.479
Authors: Jun Sung Kim; Eunye Kuk; Kyeong Nam Yu; Jong-Ho Kim; Sung Jin Park; Hu Jang Lee; So Hyun Kim; Young Kyung Park; Yong Ho Park; Cheol-Yong Hwang; Yong-Kwon Kim; Yoon-Sik Lee; Dae Hong Jeong; Myung-Haing Cho Journal: Nanomedicine Date: 2007-03 Impact factor: 5.307
Authors: Christina Brandenberger; Christian Mühlfeld; Zulqurnain Ali; Anke-Gabriele Lenz; Otmar Schmid; Wolfgang J Parak; Peter Gehr; Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser Journal: Small Date: 2010-08-02 Impact factor: 13.281
Authors: Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser; Loretta Mueller; Fabian Blank; Christina Brandenberger; Christian Muehlfeld; Peter Gehr Journal: ALTEX Date: 2008 Impact factor: 6.043
Authors: Larissa V Stebounova; Andrea Adamcakova-Dodd; Jong Sung Kim; Heaweon Park; Patrick T O'Shaughnessy; Vicki H Grassian; Peter S Thorne Journal: Part Fibre Toxicol Date: 2011-01-25 Impact factor: 9.400
Authors: Anke Gabriele Lenz; Erwin Karg; Bernd Lentner; Vlad Dittrich; Christina Brandenberger; Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser; Holger Schulz; George A Ferron; Otmar Schmid Journal: Part Fibre Toxicol Date: 2009-12-16 Impact factor: 9.400
Authors: Donald S Anderson; Esther S Patchin; Rona M Silva; Dale L Uyeminami; Arjun Sharmah; Ting Guo; Gautom K Das; Jared M Brown; Jonathan Shannahan; Terry Gordon; Lung Chi Chen; Kent E Pinkerton; Laura S Van Winkle Journal: Toxicol Sci Date: 2015-01-09 Impact factor: 4.849
Authors: Mohammad F Anwar; Deepak Yadav; Shweta Rastogi; Indu Arora; Roop K Khar; Jagdish Chander; Mohd Samim Journal: Protoplasma Date: 2014-09-24 Impact factor: 3.356
Authors: Kamaljeet Kaur; Dana Overacker; Hamidreza Ghandehari; Christopher Reilly; Robert Paine; Kerry E Kelly Journal: J Aerosol Sci Date: 2020-09-02 Impact factor: 3.433
Authors: Sebastian Oeder; Tamara Kanashova; Olli Sippula; Sean C Sapcariu; Thorsten Streibel; Jose Manuel Arteaga-Salas; Johannes Passig; Marco Dilger; Hanns-Rudolf Paur; Christoph Schlager; Sonja Mülhopt; Silvia Diabaté; Carsten Weiss; Benjamin Stengel; Rom Rabe; Horst Harndorf; Tiina Torvela; Jorma K Jokiniemi; Maija-Riitta Hirvonen; Carsten Schmidt-Weber; Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann; Kelly A BéruBé; Anna J Wlodarczyk; Zoë Prytherch; Bernhard Michalke; Tobias Krebs; André S H Prévôt; Michael Kelbg; Josef Tiggesbäumker; Erwin Karg; Gert Jakobi; Sorana Scholtes; Jürgen Schnelle-Kreis; Jutta Lintelmann; Georg Matuschek; Martin Sklorz; Sophie Klingbeil; Jürgen Orasche; Patrick Richthammer; Laarnie Müller; Michael Elsasser; Ahmed Reda; Thomas Gröger; Benedikt Weggler; Theo Schwemer; Hendryk Czech; Christopher P Rüger; Gülcin Abbaszade; Christian Radischat; Karsten Hiller; Jeroen T M Buters; Gunnar Dittmar; Ralf Zimmermann Journal: PLoS One Date: 2015-06-03 Impact factor: 3.240