PURPOSE: To test a new assay based on an ex vivo cytokine release from whole blood for the monitoring of immune changes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. METHODS: A pilot study of outpatients with HIV infection (n = 9) at a large academic hospital who were divided into three groups: HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with a CD4(+) cell count >350/μL (group I) or a CD4(+) cell count <350/μL (group II) and HIV-infected HAART-naïve subjects with a CD4(+) cell count >350/μL (group III). All groups were compared with healthy volunteers (n = 3). The ex vivo cytokine release assay was performed in a three-step process: (1) blood collection, (2) whole-blood ex vivo incubation over 48 h without or with a standard set of well-defined recall antigens as comparable to those used formerly in the skin delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) test, (3) cytokine determination from the assay supernatant. RESULTS: Under stimulated conditions, untreated HIV-infected patients with a CD4(+) count >350/μL had similar interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels in the supernatant of the whole-blood incubation to HIV-infected patients on HAART with a low CD4(+) count. Both groups revealed lower IL-2 levels in the supernatant than HIV-infected patients on HAART and with a CD4(+) count >350/μL or healthy volunteers. The determination of interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α in the supernatant showed a similar arrangement of cytokines between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that this cytokine release assay could be a suitable tool to mirror the immunological responsiveness of patients with HIV infection in a gradual manner; further studies are required in order to assess its value in HAART monitoring.
PURPOSE: To test a new assay based on an ex vivo cytokine release from whole blood for the monitoring of immune changes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infectedpatients. METHODS: A pilot study of outpatients with HIV infection (n = 9) at a large academic hospital who were divided into three groups: HIV-infectedpatients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with a CD4(+) cell count >350/μL (group I) or a CD4(+) cell count <350/μL (group II) and HIV-infected HAART-naïve subjects with a CD4(+) cell count >350/μL (group III). All groups were compared with healthy volunteers (n = 3). The ex vivo cytokine release assay was performed in a three-step process: (1) blood collection, (2) whole-blood ex vivo incubation over 48 h without or with a standard set of well-defined recall antigens as comparable to those used formerly in the skin delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) test, (3) cytokine determination from the assay supernatant. RESULTS: Under stimulated conditions, untreated HIV-infectedpatients with a CD4(+) count >350/μL had similar interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels in the supernatant of the whole-blood incubation to HIV-infectedpatients on HAART with a low CD4(+) count. Both groups revealed lower IL-2 levels in the supernatant than HIV-infectedpatients on HAART and with a CD4(+) count >350/μL or healthy volunteers. The determination of interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α in the supernatant showed a similar arrangement of cytokines between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that this cytokine release assay could be a suitable tool to mirror the immunological responsiveness of patients with HIV infection in a gradual manner; further studies are required in order to assess its value in HAART monitoring.
Authors: James D Mancuso; Gerald H Mazurek; David Tribble; Cara Olsen; Naomi E Aronson; Lawrence Geiter; Donald Goodwin; Lisa W Keep Journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Date: 2011-12-08 Impact factor: 21.405
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Authors: M Clerici; N I Stocks; R A Zajac; R N Boswell; D C Bernstein; D L Mann; G M Shearer; J A Berzofsky Journal: Nature Date: 1989-06-01 Impact factor: 49.962
Authors: Hongzhao Li; Robert W Omange; Binhua Liang; Nikki Toledo; Yan Hai; Lewis R Liu; Dane Schalk; Jose Crecente-Campo; Tamara G Dacoba; Andrew B Lambe; So-Yon Lim; Lin Li; Mohammad Abul Kashem; Yanmin Wan; Jorge F Correia-Pinto; Michael S Seaman; Xiao Qing Liu; Robert F Balshaw; Qingsheng Li; Nancy Schultz-Darken; Maria J Alonso; Francis A Plummer; James B Whitney; Ma Luo Journal: J Clin Invest Date: 2020-12-01 Impact factor: 14.808