OBJECTIVE: This article aims to review currently available evidence for women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and menopause and to propose clinical management algorithms. METHODS: Key studies addressing HIV and menopause have been reviewed, specifically age of menopause onset in HIV-infected women, frequency of menopausal symptoms, comorbidities associated with HIV and aging (including cardiovascular disease and bone disease), treatment of menopausal symptoms, and prevention of comorbidities in HIV-infected women. RESULTS: Studies suggest an earlier onset of menopause in HIV-infected women, with increased frequency of symptoms. Cardiovascular disease risk may be increased in this population, with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and chronic inflammation associated with HIV, contributing to increased risk. Chronic inflammation and cART have been independently implicated in bone disease. No published data have assessed the safety and efficacy of hormone therapy in relation to symptoms of menopause, cardiovascular risk, and bone disease among HIV-infected women. CONCLUSIONS: Few studies on menopause have been conducted in HIV-infected women compared with HIV-uninfected women. Many questions regarding age of menopause onset, frequency of menopausal symptoms and associated complications such as bone disease and cardiovascular disease, and efficacy of treatment among HIV-infected women remain. The incidence and severity of some of these factors may be increased in the setting of HIV and cART.
OBJECTIVE: This article aims to review currently available evidence for women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and menopause and to propose clinical management algorithms. METHODS: Key studies addressing HIV and menopause have been reviewed, specifically age of menopause onset in HIV-infectedwomen, frequency of menopausal symptoms, comorbidities associated with HIV and aging (including cardiovascular disease and bone disease), treatment of menopausal symptoms, and prevention of comorbidities in HIV-infectedwomen. RESULTS: Studies suggest an earlier onset of menopause in HIV-infectedwomen, with increased frequency of symptoms. Cardiovascular disease risk may be increased in this population, with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and chronic inflammation associated with HIV, contributing to increased risk. Chronic inflammation and cART have been independently implicated in bone disease. No published data have assessed the safety and efficacy of hormone therapy in relation to symptoms of menopause, cardiovascular risk, and bone disease among HIV-infectedwomen. CONCLUSIONS: Few studies on menopause have been conducted in HIV-infectedwomen compared with HIV-uninfectedwomen. Many questions regarding age of menopause onset, frequency of menopausal symptoms and associated complications such as bone disease and cardiovascular disease, and efficacy of treatment among HIV-infectedwomen remain. The incidence and severity of some of these factors may be increased in the setting of HIV and cART.
Authors: David E Vance; Leah H Rubin; Victor Valcour; Drenna Waldrop-Valverde; Pauline M Maki Journal: Curr HIV/AIDS Rep Date: 2016-12 Impact factor: 5.071
Authors: Sara Gianella; Stephen A Rawlings; Curtis Dobrowolski; Masato Nakazawa; Antoine Chaillon; Matthew Strain; Laura Layman; Gemma Caballero; Eileen Scully; Brianna Scott; Caitleen Pacis; Kathleen M Weber; Alan Landay; Christy Anderson; Jonathan Karn Journal: Clin Infect Dis Date: 2022-08-24 Impact factor: 20.999
Authors: Leah H Rubin; Erin E Sundermann; Judith A Cook; Eileen M Martin; Elizabeth T Golub; Kathleen M Weber; Mardge H Cohen; Howard Crystal; Julie A Cederbaum; Kathyrn Anastos; Mary Young; Ruth M Greenblatt; Pauline M Maki Journal: Menopause Date: 2014-09 Impact factor: 2.953
Authors: Felicia C Chow; Susan Regan; Markella V Zanni; Sara E Looby; Cheryl D Bushnell; James B Meigs; Steven K Grinspoon; Steve K Feske; Virginia A Triant Journal: AIDS Date: 2018-01-02 Impact factor: 4.177