E B Marsh1, R H Llinas, A E Hillis, R F Gottesman. 1. Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. ebmarsh@jhmi.edu
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can occur in patients following acute ischaemic stroke in the form of hemorrhagic transformation, and results in significant long-term morbidity and mortality. Anticoagulation theoretically increases risk. We evaluated stroke patients with an indication for anticoagulation to determine the factors associated with hemorrhagic transformation. METHODS: Three-hundred and forty-five patients with ICD-9 codes indicating: (i) acute ischaemic stroke; and (ii) an indication for anticoagulation were screened. One-hundred and twenty-three met inclusion criteria. Data were collected retrospectively. Neuroimaging was reviewed for infarct volume and evidence of ICH. Hemorrhages were classified as: hemorrhagic conversion (petechiae) versus intracerebral hematoma (a space occupying lesion); symptomatic versus asymptomatic. Using multivariable logistic regression, we determined the hypothesized factors associated with intracerebral bleeding. RESULTS: Age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.50 per 10-year increment, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-2.08], infarct volume (OR = 1.10 per 10 ccs, 95% CI 1.06-1.18) and worsening category of renal impairment by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; OR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.04-3.66) were predictors of hemorrhagic transformation. Ninety- nine out of 123 patients were anticoagulated. Hemorrhage rates of patients on and off anticoagulation did not differ (25.3% vs. 20.8%; P = 0.79); however, all intracerebral hematomas (n = 7) and symptomatic bleeds (n = 8) occurred in the anticoagulated group. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of hemorrhagic transformation in patients with acute ischaemic stroke and an indication for anticoagulation is multifactorial, and most closely associated with an individual's age, infarct volume and eGFR.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can occur in patients following acute ischaemic stroke in the form of hemorrhagic transformation, and results in significant long-term morbidity and mortality. Anticoagulation theoretically increases risk. We evaluated strokepatients with an indication for anticoagulation to determine the factors associated with hemorrhagic transformation. METHODS: Three-hundred and forty-five patients with ICD-9 codes indicating: (i) acute ischaemic stroke; and (ii) an indication for anticoagulation were screened. One-hundred and twenty-three met inclusion criteria. Data were collected retrospectively. Neuroimaging was reviewed for infarct volume and evidence of ICH. Hemorrhages were classified as: hemorrhagic conversion (petechiae) versus intracerebral hematoma (a space occupying lesion); symptomatic versus asymptomatic. Using multivariable logistic regression, we determined the hypothesized factors associated with intracerebral bleeding. RESULTS: Age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.50 per 10-year increment, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-2.08], infarct volume (OR = 1.10 per 10 ccs, 95% CI 1.06-1.18) and worsening category of renal impairment by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; OR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.04-3.66) were predictors of hemorrhagic transformation. Ninety- nine out of 123 patients were anticoagulated. Hemorrhage rates of patients on and off anticoagulation did not differ (25.3% vs. 20.8%; P = 0.79); however, all intracerebral hematomas (n = 7) and symptomatic bleeds (n = 8) occurred in the anticoagulated group. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of hemorrhagic transformation in patients with acute ischaemic stroke and an indication for anticoagulation is multifactorial, and most closely associated with an individual's age, infarct volume and eGFR.
Authors: B M Coull; L S Williams; L B Goldstein; J F Meschia; D Heitzman; S Chaturvedi; K C Johnston; S Starkman; L B Morgenstern; J L Wilterdink; S R Levine; J L Saver Journal: Stroke Date: 2002-07 Impact factor: 7.914
Authors: J H Park; Y Ko; W-J Kim; M S Jang; M H Yang; M-K Han; C-W Oh; S H Park; Jisung Lee; Juneyoung Lee; H-J Bae; P B Gorelick Journal: Neurology Date: 2012-01-25 Impact factor: 9.910
Authors: Jonas Bjerring Olesen; Gregory Y H Lip; Anne-Lise Kamper; Kristine Hommel; Lars Køber; Deirdre A Lane; Jesper Lindhardsen; Gunnar Hilmar Gislason; Christian Torp-Pedersen Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2012-08-16 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: W Hacke; M Kaste; C Fieschi; D Toni; E Lesaffre; R von Kummer; G Boysen; E Bluhmki; G Höxter; M H Mahagne Journal: JAMA Date: 1995-10-04 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Elisabeth B Marsh; Rebecca F Gottesman; Argye E Hillis; Joyce Maygers; Erin Lawrence; Rafael H Llinas Journal: Stroke Date: 2014-05-08 Impact factor: 7.914
Authors: Ives Valenzuela; Madeleine D Hunter; Kathryn Sundheim; Bradley Klein; Lauren Dunn; Robert Sorabella; Sang M Han; Joshua Willey; Isaac George; Jose Gutierrez Journal: Intern Med J Date: 2018-09 Impact factor: 2.048
Authors: Elisabeth B Marsh; Rafael H Llinas; Andrea L C Schneider; Argye E Hillis; Erin Lawrence; Peter Dziedzic; Rebecca F Gottesman Journal: Medicine (Baltimore) Date: 2016-01 Impact factor: 1.817