BACKGROUND: Water balance is achieved when water intake from solid and fluid foods and drinking water meets water losses, mainly in sweat, urine and faeces. Seasonality, particularly in Mediterranean countries that have a hot summer, may affect water loss and consequently water balance. Water balance has not been estimated before on a population level and the effect of seasonality has not been evaluated. The present study aimed to compare water balance, intake and loss in summer and winter in a sample of the general population in Greece. METHODS: The Water Balance Questionnaire (WBQ) was used to evaluate water balance, estimating water intake and loss in summer (n = 480) and in winter (n = 412) on a stratified sample of the general population in Athens, Greece. RESULTS: In winter, mean (SD) water balance was -63 (1478) mL/day(-1) , mean (SD)water intake was 2892 (987) mL/day(-1) and mean (quartile range) water loss was 2637 (1810-3922) mL/day(-1) . In summer, mean (SD) water balance was -58 (2150) mL/day(-1) , mean (SD) water intake was 3875 (1373) mL/day(-1) and mean (quartile range) water loss was 3635 (2365-5258) mL/day(-1) . Water balance did not differ between summer and winter (P = 0.96); however, the data distribution was different; in summer, approximately 8% more participants were falling in the low and high water balance categories. Differences in water intake from different sources were identified (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Water balance in summer and winter was not different. However, water intake and loss were approximately 40% higher in summer than in winter. More people were falling in the low and high water balance categories in summer when comparing the distribution on water balance in winter.
BACKGROUND:Water balance is achieved when water intake from solid and fluid foods and drinking water meets water losses, mainly in sweat, urine and faeces. Seasonality, particularly in Mediterranean countries that have a hot summer, may affect water loss and consequently water balance. Water balance has not been estimated before on a population level and the effect of seasonality has not been evaluated. The present study aimed to compare water balance, intake and loss in summer and winter in a sample of the general population in Greece. METHODS: The Water Balance Questionnaire (WBQ) was used to evaluate water balance, estimating water intake and loss in summer (n = 480) and in winter (n = 412) on a stratified sample of the general population in Athens, Greece. RESULTS: In winter, mean (SD) water balance was -63 (1478) mL/day(-1) , mean (SD)water intake was 2892 (987) mL/day(-1) and mean (quartile range) water loss was 2637 (1810-3922) mL/day(-1) . In summer, mean (SD) water balance was -58 (2150) mL/day(-1) , mean (SD) water intake was 3875 (1373) mL/day(-1) and mean (quartile range) water loss was 3635 (2365-5258) mL/day(-1) . Water balance did not differ between summer and winter (P = 0.96); however, the data distribution was different; in summer, approximately 8% more participants were falling in the low and high water balance categories. Differences in water intake from different sources were identified (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Water balance in summer and winter was not different. However, water intake and loss were approximately 40% higher in summer than in winter. More people were falling in the low and high water balance categories in summer when comparing the distribution on water balance in winter.
Authors: S L Rossato; M T A Olinto; R L Henn; L B Moreira; S A Camey; L A Anjos; V Wahrlich; W Waissmann; F D Fuchs; S C Fuchs Journal: Eur J Clin Nutr Date: 2015-04-01 Impact factor: 4.016
Authors: Y Tani; K Asakura; S Sasaki; N Hirota; A Notsu; H Todoriki; A Miura; M Fukui; C Date Journal: Eur J Clin Nutr Date: 2015-01-28 Impact factor: 4.016
Authors: R Aparicio-Ugarriza; C Rumi; R Luzardo-Socorro; J Mielgo-Ayuso; G Palacios; M M Bibiloni; A Julibert; E Argelich; J A Tur; M González-Gross Journal: J Physiol Biochem Date: 2017-11-15 Impact factor: 4.158
Authors: I Guelinckx; I Iglesia; J H Bottin; P De Miguel-Etayo; E M González-Gil; J Salas-Salvadó; S A Kavouras; J Gandy; H Martinez; S Bardosono; M Abdollahi; E Nasseri; A Jarosz; G Ma; E Carmuega; I Thiébaut; Luis A Moreno Journal: Eur J Nutr Date: 2015-06-14 Impact factor: 5.614
Authors: C Ferreira-Pêgo; I Guelinckx; L A Moreno; S A Kavouras; J Gandy; H Martinez; S Bardosono; M Abdollahi; E Nasseri; A Jarosz; N Babio; J Salas-Salvadó Journal: Eur J Nutr Date: 2015-06-12 Impact factor: 5.614
Authors: I Guelinckx; C Ferreira-Pêgo; L A Moreno; S A Kavouras; J Gandy; H Martinez; S Bardosono; M Abdollahi; E Nasseri; A Jarosz; G Ma; E Carmuega; N Babio; J Salas-Salvadó Journal: Eur J Nutr Date: 2015-06-14 Impact factor: 5.614
Authors: Olga Malisova; Adelais Athanasatou; Alex Pepa; Marlien Husemann; Kirsten Domnik; Hans Braun; Ricardo Mora-Rodriguez; Juan F Ortega; Valentin E Fernandez-Elias; Maria Kapsokefalou Journal: Nutrients Date: 2016-04-06 Impact factor: 5.717
Authors: Ricardo Mora-Rodriguez; Juan F Ortega; Valentin E Fernandez-Elias; Maria Kapsokefalou; Olga Malisova; Adelais Athanasatou; Marlien Husemann; Kirsten Domnik; Hans Braun Journal: Nutrients Date: 2016-04-27 Impact factor: 5.717