BACKGROUND: Silicon nanoparticles are widely used in daily life. Therefore, they attract increased attention because of their potential biotoxicity to the lungs when inhaled. The aims of this study are to explore the organism distribution and genotoxicity of silica nanoparticles in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). METHODS: The biodistribution of silica with different particle sizes in human bronchial epithelial cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). DNA damage was detected by single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). RESULTS: TEM revealed that SiO₂ nanoparticles with different sizes can be uptaken by cells and be localized in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Compared with micro-silica, nano-silica in BEAS-2B cells can inflict more severe DNA damage (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The particle size of silica nanoparticles can be used to determine their distribution in biological cells. Compared with micro-silica, nano-silica has higher genotoxicity.
BACKGROUND:Silicon nanoparticles are widely used in daily life. Therefore, they attract increased attention because of their potential biotoxicity to the lungs when inhaled. The aims of this study are to explore the organism distribution and genotoxicity of silica nanoparticles in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). METHODS: The biodistribution of silica with different particle sizes in human bronchial epithelial cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). DNA damage was detected by single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). RESULTS:TEM revealed that SiO₂ nanoparticles with different sizes can be uptaken by cells and be localized in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Compared with micro-silica, nano-silica in BEAS-2B cells can inflict more severe DNA damage (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The particle size of silica nanoparticles can be used to determine their distribution in biological cells. Compared with micro-silica, nano-silica has higher genotoxicity.
随着纳米二氧化硅材料的出现和在生物医药工程、材料、化妆品等领域的广泛应用,肺部是吸入暴露纳米二氧化硅的主要靶器官,纳米二氧化硅对肺部的生物毒性作用引起人们的广泛关注。二氧化硅的致癌性国际上经历了数十年的争论。国际癌症研究组织(International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC)于1987年宣布石英为动物致癌物、人类可疑致癌物,1996年10月又宣布将石英由动物致癌物升级为人类致癌物,2010年再次得到确认[。尽管IARC已将石英定为人类致癌物,但由于流行病资料结果的不一致以及其作用机制尚未阐明,国内外学者对此仍存有争议。天然存在的游离二氧化硅粉尘的粒径大小不一。众多研究[表明,石英可以引起矽肺,但石英、矽肺和肺癌三者关系研究并不清楚,分析原因,可能是未考虑石英的粒径因素。纳米二氧化硅作为纳米颗粒,由于粒径小、比表面积大和不饱和键的存在,可能影响其在细胞内的亚细胞分布和自由基生成,造成比微米二氧化硅更大的遗传毒性。本实验拟利用永生化人支气管生皮细胞(immortalized human bronchial epithelium cells, BEAS-2B)研究不同粒径纳米二氧化硅和微米二氧化硅的细胞内亚细胞分布和DNA损伤情况,来评价二氧化硅粒径对细胞遗传毒性的影响,为纳米二氧化硅的进一步遗传毒性研究提供一定理论依据。
The cell viability change of BEAS-2B cells after 24 h exposed to 15 nm, 30 nm, 60 nm, and 1 μm silica particles at 25 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL and 75 mg/mL. Values are Mean±SD from three independent experiments, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01
经25 mg/mL、50 mg/mL和75 mg/mL的15 nm、30 nm、60 nm和1 μm二氧化硅颗粒物刺激支气管上皮细胞24 h后的细胞成活率变化,数值采用均数±标准差表示,*代表细胞成活率下降组间比较有统计学差异The cell viability change of BEAS-2B cells after 24 h exposed to 15 nm, 30 nm, 60 nm, and 1 μm silica particles at 25 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL and 75 mg/mL. Values are Mean±SD from three independent experiments, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01我们根据细胞成活率的研究结果,进一步研究50 mg/mL的二氧化硅颗粒物刺激支气管上皮细胞24 h时,二氧化硅颗粒物在亚细胞内的分布和对DNA的损伤情况。
The BEAS-2B cells exposed to Silica particles at 50 mg/mL after 24 h under TEM. A, B are control group, there is no silica particles but abundant mitochondria in cells; C, D are 1 μm silica particles group, there is silica particles in cytoplasm but cristae of mitochondrion reduced; E, F are 60 nm silica group, there is some silica particles in cytoplasm, and some silica particles in interstitial cell; G, H are 30 nm silica particles group, there are some silica particles in cytoplasm, and appear nuclear fragmentation; I, J are 15 nm silica group, there are some silica particles in devour bubble, and appear nuclear fragmentation
50 mg/mL的二氧化硅颗粒物刺激支气管上皮细胞24 h后的透射电镜图。A、B为对照组,未发现有二氧化硅颗粒物,细胞内有丰富的线粒体;C、D为1 μm二氧化硅颗粒物组,细胞质内未见二氧化硅颗粒物,可见细胞线粒体脊减少;E、F为60 nm二氧化硅颗粒物组,细胞质与细胞间质内可见二氧化硅颗粒物;G、H为30 nm二氧化硅颗粒物组,细胞质内可见二氧化硅颗粒物,部分细胞核碎裂;I、J为15 nm二氧化硅颗粒物组,吞噬泡内可见二氧化硅颗粒物,部分细胞核碎裂The BEAS-2B cells exposed to Silica particles at 50 mg/mL after 24 h under TEM. A, B are control group, there is no silica particles but abundant mitochondria in cells; C, D are 1 μm silica particles group, there is silica particles in cytoplasm but cristae of mitochondrion reduced; E, F are 60 nm silica group, there is some silica particles in cytoplasm, and some silica particles in interstitial cell; G, H are 30 nm silica particles group, there are some silica particles in cytoplasm, and appear nuclear fragmentation; I, J are 15 nm silica group, there are some silica particles in devour bubble, and appear nuclear fragmentation经能谱分析发现,细胞吞噬泡内的颗粒和细胞间隙的颗粒均出现一个明显的“硅”峰,提示二氧化硅颗粒物直接或间接地与支气管上皮细胞间发生了作用(图 3)
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单晶沉积区域EDS分析结果
The EDS analysis of single crystal deposition region
单晶沉积区域EDS分析结果The EDS analysis of single crystal deposition region
The DNA damage of BEAS-2B cells detected by Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis under fluorescence microscopy. A: DNA fluorescence show circular; B, C: DNA fluorescence show a smearing
50 mg/mL的二氧化硅处理24 h后,荧光显微镜观察DNA损伤的单细胞凝胶电泳图片。A:DNA荧光呈圆形;B、C:DNA荧光出现拖尾现象The DNA damage of BEAS-2B cells detected by Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis under fluorescence microscopy. A: DNA fluorescence show circular; B, C: DNA fluorescence show a smearing
Authors: Luciana L C Estevanato; Leandro M Lacava; Luis C F Carvalho; Ricardo B Azevedo; Osni Silva; Fernando Pelegrini; Sônia N Báo; Paulo C Morais; Zulmira G M Lacava Journal: J Biomed Nanotechnol Date: 2012-04 Impact factor: 4.099