PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This study reviews recent developments concerning the effects of alcohol on plasma triglycerides. The focus will be on population, intervention and metabolic studies with respect to alcohol and plasma triglycerides. RECENT FINDINGS: Alcohol consumption and fat ingestion are closely associated and stimulated by each other via hypothalamic signals and by an elevated cephalic response. A J-shaped relationship between alcohol intake and plasma triglycerides has been described. A normal body weight, polyphenols in red wine and specific polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein A-V and apolipoprotein C-III genes may protect against alcohol-associated hypertriglyceridemia. In contrast, obesity exaggerates alcohol-associated hypertriglyceridemia and therefore the risk of pancreatitis. SUMMARY: High alcohol intake remains harmful since it is associated with elevated plasma triglycerides, but also with cardiovascular disease, alcoholic fatty liver disease and the development of pancreatitis. Alcohol-induced hypertriglyceridemia is due to increased very-low-density lipoprotein secretion, impaired lipolysis and increased free fatty acid fluxes from adipose tissue to the liver. However, light to moderate alcohol consumption may be associated with decreased plasma triglycerides, probably determined by the type of alcoholic beverage consumed, genetic polymorphisms and lifestyle factors. Nevertheless, patients should be advised to reduce or stop alcohol consumption in case of hypertriglyceridemia.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This study reviews recent developments concerning the effects of alcohol on plasma triglycerides. The focus will be on population, intervention and metabolic studies with respect to alcohol and plasma triglycerides. RECENT FINDINGS:Alcohol consumption and fat ingestion are closely associated and stimulated by each other via hypothalamic signals and by an elevated cephalic response. A J-shaped relationship between alcohol intake and plasma triglycerides has been described. A normal body weight, polyphenols in red wine and specific polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein A-V and apolipoprotein C-III genes may protect against alcohol-associated hypertriglyceridemia. In contrast, obesity exaggerates alcohol-associated hypertriglyceridemia and therefore the risk of pancreatitis. SUMMARY: High alcohol intake remains harmful since it is associated with elevated plasma triglycerides, but also with cardiovascular disease, alcoholic fatty liver disease and the development of pancreatitis. Alcohol-induced hypertriglyceridemia is due to increased very-low-density lipoprotein secretion, impaired lipolysis and increased free fatty acid fluxes from adipose tissue to the liver. However, light to moderate alcohol consumption may be associated with decreased plasma triglycerides, probably determined by the type of alcoholic beverage consumed, genetic polymorphisms and lifestyle factors. Nevertheless, patients should be advised to reduce or stop alcohol consumption in case of hypertriglyceridemia.
Authors: Pablo Hernández-Alonso; Christopher Papandreou; Mònica Bulló; Miguel Ruiz-Canela; Courtney Dennis; Amy Deik; Dong D Wang; Marta Guasch-Ferré; Edward Yu; Estefanía Toledo; Cristina Razquin; Dolores Corella; Ramon Estruch; Emilio Ros; Montserrat Fitó; Fernando Arós; Miquel Fiol; Lluís Serra-Majem; Liming Liang; Clary B Clish; Miguel A Martínez-González; Frank B Hu; Jordi Salas-Salvadó Journal: Mol Nutr Food Res Date: 2019-07-17 Impact factor: 5.914
Authors: Meegan Justice; Autumn Ferrugia; Joshua Beidler; Jerrold C Penprase; Patricia Cintora; Danielle Erwin; Octavio Medrano; Susan M Brasser; Mee Young Hong Journal: Alcohol Alcohol Date: 2019-01-01 Impact factor: 2.826
Authors: Paul S de Vries; Michael R Brown; Amy R Bentley; Yun J Sung; Thomas W Winkler; Ioanna Ntalla; Karen Schwander; Aldi T Kraja; Xiuqing Guo; Nora Franceschini; Ching-Yu Cheng; Xueling Sim; Dina Vojinovic; Jennifer E Huffman; Solomon K Musani; Changwei Li; Mary F Feitosa; Melissa A Richard; Raymond Noordam; Hugues Aschard; Traci M Bartz; Lawrence F Bielak; Xuan Deng; Rajkumar Dorajoo; Kurt K Lohman; Alisa K Manning; Tuomo Rankinen; Albert V Smith; Salman M Tajuddin; Evangelos Evangelou; Mariaelisa Graff; Maris Alver; Mathilde Boissel; Jin Fang Chai; Xu Chen; Jasmin Divers; Ilaria Gandin; Chuan Gao; Anuj Goel; Yanick Hagemeijer; Sarah E Harris; Fernando P Hartwig; Meian He; Andrea R V R Horimoto; Fang-Chi Hsu; Anne U Jackson; Anuradhani Kasturiratne; Pirjo Komulainen; Brigitte Kühnel; Federica Laguzzi; Joseph H Lee; Jian'an Luan; Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen; Nana Matoba; Ilja M Nolte; Maik Pietzner; Muhammad Riaz; M Abdullah Said; Robert A Scott; Tamar Sofer; Alena Stančáková; Fumihiko Takeuchi; Bamidele O Tayo; Peter J van der Most; Tibor V Varga; Yajuan Wang; Erin B Ware; Wanqing Wen; Lisa R Yanek; Weihua Zhang; Jing Hua Zhao; Saima Afaq; Najaf Amin; Marzyeh Amini; Dan E Arking; Tin Aung; Christie Ballantyne; Eric Boerwinkle; Ulrich Broeckel; Archie Campbell; Mickaël Canouil; Sabanayagam Charumathi; Yii-Der Ida Chen; John M Connell; Ulf de Faire; Lisa de Las Fuentes; Renée de Mutsert; H Janaka de Silva; Jingzhong Ding; Anna F Dominiczak; Qing Duan; Charles B Eaton; Ruben N Eppinga; Jessica D Faul; Virginia Fisher; Terrence Forrester; Oscar H Franco; Yechiel Friedlander; Mohsen Ghanbari; Franco Giulianini; Hans J Grabe; Megan L Grove; C Charles Gu; Tamara B Harris; Sami Heikkinen; Chew-Kiat Heng; Makoto Hirata; James E Hixson; Barbara V Howard; M Arfan Ikram; David R Jacobs; Craig Johnson; Jost Bruno Jonas; Candace M Kammerer; Tomohiro Katsuya; Chiea Chuen Khor; Tuomas O Kilpeläinen; Woon-Puay Koh; Heikki A Koistinen; Ivana Kolcic; Charles Kooperberg; Jose E Krieger; Steve B Kritchevsky; Michiaki Kubo; Johanna Kuusisto; Timo A Lakka; Carl D Langefeld; Claudia Langenberg; Lenore J Launer; Benjamin Lehne; Rozenn N Lemaitre; Yize Li; Jingjing Liang; Jianjun Liu; Kiang Liu; Marie Loh; Tin Louie; Reedik Mägi; Ani W Manichaikul; Colin A McKenzie; Thomas Meitinger; Andres Metspalu; Yuri Milaneschi; Lili Milani; Karen L Mohlke; Thomas H Mosley; Kenneth J Mukamal; Mike A Nalls; Matthias Nauck; Christopher P Nelson; Nona Sotoodehnia; Jeff R O'Connell; Nicholette D Palmer; Raha Pazoki; Nancy L Pedersen; Annette Peters; Patricia A Peyser; Ozren Polasek; Neil Poulter; Leslie J Raffel; Olli T Raitakari; Alex P Reiner; Treva K Rice; Stephen S Rich; Antonietta Robino; Jennifer G Robinson; Lynda M Rose; Igor Rudan; Carsten O Schmidt; Pamela J Schreiner; William R Scott; Peter Sever; Yuan Shi; Stephen Sidney; Mario Sims; Blair H Smith; Jennifer A Smith; Harold Snieder; John M Starr; Konstantin Strauch; Nicholas Tan; Kent D Taylor; Yik Ying Teo; Yih Chung Tham; André G Uitterlinden; Diana van Heemst; Dragana Vuckovic; Melanie Waldenberger; Lihua Wang; Yujie Wang; Zhe Wang; Wen Bin Wei; Christine Williams; Gregory Wilson; Mary K Wojczynski; Jie Yao; Bing Yu; Caizheng Yu; Jian-Min Yuan; Wei Zhao; Alan B Zonderman; Diane M Becker; Michael Boehnke; Donald W Bowden; John C Chambers; Ian J Deary; Tõnu Esko; Martin Farrall; Paul W Franks; Barry I Freedman; Philippe Froguel; Paolo Gasparini; Christian Gieger; Bernardo L Horta; Yoichiro Kamatani; Norihiro Kato; Jaspal S Kooner; Markku Laakso; Karin Leander; Terho Lehtimäki; Patrik K E Magnusson; Brenda Penninx; Alexandre C Pereira; Rainer Rauramaa; Nilesh J Samani; James Scott; Xiao-Ou Shu; Pim van der Harst; Lynne E Wagenknecht; Ya Xing Wang; Nicholas J Wareham; Hugh Watkins; David R Weir; Ananda R Wickremasinghe; Wei Zheng; Paul Elliott; Kari E North; Claude Bouchard; Michele K Evans; Vilmundur Gudnason; Ching-Ti Liu; Yongmei Liu; Bruce M Psaty; Paul M Ridker; Rob M van Dam; Sharon L R Kardia; Xiaofeng Zhu; Charles N Rotimi; Dennis O Mook-Kanamori; Myriam Fornage; Tanika N Kelly; Ervin R Fox; Caroline Hayward; Cornelia M van Duijn; E Shyong Tai; Tien Yin Wong; Jingmin Liu; Jerome I Rotter; W James Gauderman; Michael A Province; Patricia B Munroe; Kenneth Rice; Daniel I Chasman; L Adrienne Cupples; Dabeeru C Rao; Alanna C Morrison Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2019-06-01 Impact factor: 5.363