Linda J Bendall1, Jordan Basnett. 1. Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. linda.bendall@sydney.edu.au
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The 'mobilization' of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) out of the bone marrow and into the peripheral blood is used clinically to obtain HSCs for transplantation. Although generally successful, mobilization protocols remain imperfect and the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. This review discusses the latest findings in respect to the mechanisms involved in the egress of HSCs from the bone marrow into the circulation and the potential for these recent developments to improve mobilization procedures. RECENT FINDINGS: It has recently become apparent that the bioactive lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) plays an active role in attracting HSCs into the peripheral blood. S1P is the first factor identified that provides a chemoattractant gradient promoting the movement of HSCs into the peripheral blood. Drugs that mimic S1P are available with others in development, raising the possibility of increasing the strength of the egress signal and thereby improving the efficacy of mobilization procedures. SUMMARY: S1P is the first egress factor described for HSCs, but the details of the underlying biology are only just emerging. Although manipulating the S1P axis to enhance mobilization protocols is an exciting possibility, much needs to be learned before improvements in mobilization strategies can be realized.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The 'mobilization' of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) out of the bone marrow and into the peripheral blood is used clinically to obtain HSCs for transplantation. Although generally successful, mobilization protocols remain imperfect and the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. This review discusses the latest findings in respect to the mechanisms involved in the egress of HSCs from the bone marrow into the circulation and the potential for these recent developments to improve mobilization procedures. RECENT FINDINGS: It has recently become apparent that the bioactive lipidsphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) plays an active role in attracting HSCs into the peripheral blood. S1P is the first factor identified that provides a chemoattractant gradient promoting the movement of HSCs into the peripheral blood. Drugs that mimic S1P are available with others in development, raising the possibility of increasing the strength of the egress signal and thereby improving the efficacy of mobilization procedures. SUMMARY:S1P is the first egress factor described for HSCs, but the details of the underlying biology are only just emerging. Although manipulating the S1P axis to enhance mobilization protocols is an exciting possibility, much needs to be learned before improvements in mobilization strategies can be realized.
Authors: Kaiqi Sun; Hong Liu; Anren Song; Jeanne M Manalo; Angelo D'Alessandro; Kirk C Hansen; Rodney E Kellems; Holger K Eltzschig; Michael R Blackburn; Robert C Roach; Yang Xia Journal: J Appl Physiol (1985) Date: 2017-06-01
Authors: Kaiqi Sun; Yujin Zhang; Angelo D'Alessandro; Travis Nemkov; Anren Song; Hongyu Wu; Hong Liu; Morayo Adebiyi; Aji Huang; Yuan E Wen; Mikhail V Bogdanov; Alejandro Vila; John O'Brien; Rodney E Kellems; William Dowhan; Andrew W Subudhi; Sonja Jameson-Van Houten; Colleen G Julian; Andrew T Lovering; Martin Safo; Kirk C Hansen; Robert C Roach; Yang Xia Journal: Nat Commun Date: 2016-07-15 Impact factor: 14.919