Evaluation of photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy for simultaneous measurement of N2 O and CO2 gas concentrations and fluxes at the soil surface.

Simultaneous measurement of N2 O and CO2 flux at the soil surface with photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy (PAS) is gaining popularity due to portability, low maintenance, and ease-of-operation. However, the ability of PAS to measure N2 O with accuracy and precision similar to gas chromatography (GC) is uncertain due to overlap in N2 O, CO2 , and H2 O absorbance spectra combined with the large range in analyte concentrations. We tested the ability of six PAS units to simultaneously measure N2 O and CO2 gas concentrations and fluxes with accuracy and precision similar to two GC units. We also evaluated H2 O vapor and CO2 interferences with N2 O measurement. The accuracy and precision of standard gas concentration measurements with PAS and GC were similar. High water vapor (~26 600 ppm) and CO2 concentrations (~4500 ppm) did not interfere with N2 O measurement across the concentration range typically observed in static flux chambers at the soil surface (~0.5-3.0 ppm N2 O). On average, N2 O fluxes measured with the six PAS were 4.7% higher than one GC and 9.9% lower than the second GC.