Molecular testing in transfusion medicine.

IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD: Molecular blood group prediction, including mass scale donor genotyping, is becoming a routine part of transfusion medicine. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW: This review covers transfusion-related applications of the molecular prediction of antigens of red blood cells. Forensic and prenatal applications are not covered. The review is mainly based on the personal experience of the author in the field. A PubMed literature search without temporal limit was performed using the search item 'molecular testing transfusion' and complemented by 'related articles' searches of key publications. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN: The readers will understand the general principles and specific problems arising from the use of molecular testing for blood group antigen prediction, get an overview of methods used at present, and learn which methods are suitable for which specific applications. TAKE HOME MESSAGE: At present, molecular methods complement serologic antigen determination and are an invaluable tool for specific diagnostic problems. Mass-scale molecular antigen prediction of blood donors is beginning to improve blood supply for specific patient groups.