T-bet and Gata3 in controlling type 1 and type 2 immunity mediated by innate lymphoid cells.

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are an emerging group of innate lymphocytes that share functional and transcriptional attributes with the various T helper cell effector fates (e.g. Th1, Th2, Th17). ILCs are substantially represented in the intestinal mucosa but are rare in secondary lymphoid organs. They play important roles in epithelial homeostasis, tissue repair and in immunity to intestinal infections. They are also involved in immune-mediated pathology. Here, we will review the emerging roles of the transcription factors T-bet and Gata3 in the development, lineage specification and function of distinct ILC lineages. We will also highlight the requirement of these transcriptional programs for the control of infections and the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.