Rodney D Vanderploeg1, Douglas B Cooper, Heather G Belanger, Alison J Donnell, Jan E Kennedy, Clifford A Hopewell, Steven G Scott. 1. Departments of Mental Health and Behavioral Sciences (Drs Vanderploeg, Belanger, and Donnell), and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (Dr Scott) and Health Services Research and Development (HSR&D)/Rehabilitation Research and Development (RR&D) Center of Excellence: Maximizing Rehabilitation Outcomes (Drs Vanderploeg, Belanger, and Scott), James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center (Drs Vanderploeg, Belanger, Donnell, and Scott), and Department of Psychology (Drs Vanderploeg and Belanger) and Psychiatry and Neurosciences (Dr Vanderploeg), University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center (Drs Cooper and Kennedy) and Neurology Service, Department of Medicine (Drs Cooper and Kennedy), San Antonio Military Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas; and Traumatic Brain Injury Clinic, Darnall Army Medical Center, Fort Hood, Killeen, Texas (Dr Hopewell).
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To develop and cross-validate internal validity scales for the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI). PARTICIPANTS: Four existing data sets were used: (1) outpatient clinical traumatic brain injury (TBI)/neurorehabilitation database from a military site (n = 403), (2) National Department of Veterans Affairs TBI evaluation database (n = 48 175), (3) Florida National Guard nonclinical TBI survey database (n = 3098), and (4) a cross-validation outpatient clinical TBI/neurorehabilitation database combined across 2 military medical centers (n = 206). RESEARCH DESIGN: Secondary analysis of existing cohort data to develop (study 1) and cross-validate (study 2) internal validity scales for the NSI. MAIN MEASURES: The NSI, Mild Brain Injury Atypical Symptoms, and Personality Assessment Inventory scores. RESULTS: Study 1: Three NSI validity scales were developed, composed of 5 unusual items (Negative Impression Management [NIM5]), 6 low-frequency items (LOW6), and the combination of 10 nonoverlapping items (Validity-10). Cut scores maximizing sensitivity and specificity on these measures were determined, using a Mild Brain Injury Atypical Symptoms score of 8 or more as the criterion for invalidity. Study 2: The same validity scale cut scores again resulted in the highest classification accuracy and optimal balance between sensitivity and specificity in the cross-validation sample, using a Personality Assessment Inventory Negative Impression Management scale with a T score of 75 or higher as the criterion for invalidity. CONCLUSIONS: The NSI is widely used in the Department of Defense and Veterans Affairs as a symptom-severity assessment following TBI, but is subject to symptom overreporting or exaggeration. This study developed embedded NSI validity scales to facilitate the detection of invalid response styles. The NSI Validity-10 scale appears to hold considerable promise for validity assessment when the NSI is used as a population-screening tool.
OBJECTIVE: To develop and cross-validate internal validity scales for the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI). PARTICIPANTS: Four existing data sets were used: (1) outpatient clinical traumatic brain injury (TBI)/neurorehabilitation database from a military site (n = 403), (2) National Department of Veterans Affairs TBI evaluation database (n = 48 175), (3) Florida National Guard nonclinical TBI survey database (n = 3098), and (4) a cross-validation outpatient clinical TBI/neurorehabilitation database combined across 2 military medical centers (n = 206). RESEARCH DESIGN: Secondary analysis of existing cohort data to develop (study 1) and cross-validate (study 2) internal validity scales for the NSI. MAIN MEASURES: The NSI, Mild Brain Injury Atypical Symptoms, and Personality Assessment Inventory scores. RESULTS: Study 1: Three NSI validity scales were developed, composed of 5 unusual items (Negative Impression Management [NIM5]), 6 low-frequency items (LOW6), and the combination of 10 nonoverlapping items (Validity-10). Cut scores maximizing sensitivity and specificity on these measures were determined, using a Mild Brain Injury Atypical Symptoms score of 8 or more as the criterion for invalidity. Study 2: The same validity scale cut scores again resulted in the highest classification accuracy and optimal balance between sensitivity and specificity in the cross-validation sample, using a Personality Assessment Inventory Negative Impression Management scale with a T score of 75 or higher as the criterion for invalidity. CONCLUSIONS: The NSI is widely used in the Department of Defense and Veterans Affairs as a symptom-severity assessment following TBI, but is subject to symptom overreporting or exaggeration. This study developed embedded NSI validity scales to facilitate the detection of invalid response styles. The NSI Validity-10 scale appears to hold considerable promise for validity assessment when the NSI is used as a population-screening tool.
Authors: Jan E Kennedy; Douglas B Cooper; Matthew W Reid; David F Tate; Rael T Lange Journal: Arch Clin Neuropsychol Date: 2015-04-08 Impact factor: 2.813
Authors: Matthew W Reid; Kelly J Miller; Rael T Lange; Douglas B Cooper; David F Tate; Jason Bailie; Tracey A Brickell; Louis M French; Sarah Asmussen; Jan E Kennedy Journal: J Neurotrauma Date: 2014-10-24 Impact factor: 5.269
Authors: Lisa Christine Turtzo; Neekita Jikaria; Martin R Cota; Joshua P Williford; Victoria Uche; Tara Davis; Judy MacLaren; Anita D Moses; Gunjan Parikh; Marcelo A Castro; Dzung L Pham; John A Butman; Lawrence L Latour Journal: Brain Commun Date: 2020-09-09
Authors: Francesca C Fortenbaugh; Jennifer R Fonda; Catherine B Fortier; Melissa M Amick; William P Milberg; Regina E McGlinchey Journal: J Trauma Stress Date: 2020-04-27
Authors: Melissa M Amick; Mark Meterko; Catherine B Fortier; Jennifer R Fonda; William P Milberg; Regina E McGlinchey Journal: J Head Trauma Rehabil Date: 2018 Mar/Apr Impact factor: 2.710
Authors: Sara M Lippa; Jennifer R Fonda; Catherine B Fortier; Melissa A Amick; Alexandra Kenna; William P Milberg; Regina E McGlinchey Journal: J Trauma Stress Date: 2015-02
Authors: Lauren J Radigan; Regina E McGlinchey; William P Milberg; Catherine Brawn Fortier Journal: J Head Trauma Rehabil Date: 2018 Sep/Oct Impact factor: 2.710
Authors: Ryan J Andrews; Jennifer R Fonda; Laura K Levin; Regina E McGlinchey; William P Milberg Journal: Neurology Date: 2018-07-27 Impact factor: 9.910