BACKGROUND:Maternally HIV-exposed (mHIV-EU) infants have poor health even without HIV-1 infection. The responses to vaccination are less well defined. Immunity to oral Poliovirus vaccine (OPV) was studied in Zambian infants participating in a randomised controlled trial of micronutrient fortification to improve child health. METHOD:Maternally HIV-unexposed and mHIV-EU infants were recruited at 6 months age and randomised tobasal or enriched micronutrient-fortified diets for 12 months. HIV-exposed mother-infant pairs had received perinatal nevirapine to prevent mother-to-child-transmission. In the cohort of 597 infants, neutralising-antibody titres to OPV were analysed at 18 months with respect to micronutrient fortification, maternal or infant HIV-1 infection, and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection detected by antibodies and viraemia (serum DNA). Vaccine protection was defined as log2 titre>3. RESULTS: Compared to uninfected children, HIV-1-infected children had reduced neutralising antibody titres to OPV, irrespective of diet: log2 titre difference (95% confidence interval) -3.44 (-2.41; -4.46), P<0.01. OPV antibody titres were lower in HIV-infected children with HCMV viraemia compared to those without viraemia at 18 months, but did not reach significance: difference -2.55 (-6.10; 1.01), P=0.14. Breast-feeding duration was independently associated with increasing OPV titre (P-value<0.01). In mHIV-EU children there were reduced neutralising antibody titres to Poliovirus compared with maternally HIV-unexposed, irrespective of diet, maternal education and socioeconomic status: log2 titre difference (95% confidence interval) -0.56 (-0.98; -0.15), P<0.01. This difference was noticeably decreased after adjusting for breast-feeding duration, suggesting that in our study population less breast-feeding by HIV-positive mothers could explain the reduced OPV titres in mHIV-EU infants. CONCLUSION: The mHIV-EU infants had reduced polio vaccine antibody titres which were associated with reduced breast-feeding duration. This has important implications for polio eradication and control of vaccine-preventable diseases, in countries where childhood HIV-1 infection and maternal exposure are public health threats.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Maternally HIV-exposed (mHIV-EU) infants have poor health even without HIV-1 infection. The responses to vaccination are less well defined. Immunity to oral Poliovirus vaccine (OPV) was studied in Zambian infants participating in a randomised controlled trial of micronutrient fortification to improve child health. METHOD: Maternally HIV-unexposed and mHIV-EU infants were recruited at 6 months age and randomised to basal or enriched micronutrient-fortified diets for 12 months. HIV-exposed mother-infant pairs had received perinatal nevirapine to prevent mother-to-child-transmission. In the cohort of 597 infants, neutralising-antibody titres to OPV were analysed at 18 months with respect to micronutrient fortification, maternal or infantHIV-1 infection, and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection detected by antibodies and viraemia (serum DNA). Vaccine protection was defined as log2 titre>3. RESULTS: Compared to uninfected children, HIV-1-infectedchildren had reduced neutralising antibody titres to OPV, irrespective of diet: log2 titre difference (95% confidence interval) -3.44 (-2.41; -4.46), P<0.01. OPV antibody titres were lower in HIV-infectedchildren with HCMV viraemia compared to those without viraemia at 18 months, but did not reach significance: difference -2.55 (-6.10; 1.01), P=0.14. Breast-feeding duration was independently associated with increasing OPV titre (P-value<0.01). In mHIV-EU children there were reduced neutralising antibody titres to Poliovirus compared with maternally HIV-unexposed, irrespective of diet, maternal education and socioeconomic status: log2 titre difference (95% confidence interval) -0.56 (-0.98; -0.15), P<0.01. This difference was noticeably decreased after adjusting for breast-feeding duration, suggesting that in our study population less breast-feeding by HIV-positive mothers could explain the reduced OPV titres in mHIV-EU infants. CONCLUSION: The mHIV-EU infants had reduced polio vaccine antibody titres which were associated with reduced breast-feeding duration. This has important implications for polio eradication and control of vaccine-preventable diseases, in countries where childhood HIV-1 infection and maternal exposure are public health threats.
Authors: Eunice W Nduati; Irene N Nkumama; Faith K Gambo; Daniel M Muema; Miguel G Knight; Amin S Hassan; Margaret N Jahangir; Timothy J Etyang; James A Berkley; Britta C Urban Journal: Clin Vaccine Immunol Date: 2016-07-05
Authors: Adriana Weinberg; Jane Lindsey; Ronald Bosch; Deborah Persaud; Paul Sato; Anthony Ogwu; Aida Asmelash; Mutsa Bwakura-Dangarambezi; Benjamin H Chi; Jennifer Canniff; Shahin Lockman; Simani Gaseitsiwe; Sikhulile Moyo; Christiana Elizabeth Smith; Natasha O Moraka; Myron J Levin Journal: Front Immunol Date: 2018-01-19 Impact factor: 7.561
Authors: Miguel A Garcia-Knight; Eunice Nduati; Amin S Hassan; Faith Gambo; Dennis Odera; Timothy J Etyang; Nassim J Hajj; James Alexander Berkley; Britta C Urban; Sarah L Rowland-Jones Journal: PLoS One Date: 2015-11-16 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: James A Church; Sandra Rukobo; Margaret Govha; Marya P Carmolli; Sean A Diehl; Bernard Chasekwa; Robert Ntozini; Kuda Mutasa; Jean H Humphrey; Beth D Kirkpatrick; Andrew J Prendergast Journal: Hum Vaccin Immunother Date: 2017-08-31 Impact factor: 3.452