R Rial1, L S Hervas2, G Monux2, A Galindo2, A Martin2, M Hernando2, I Martinez2, A Hernando3, F J Serrano2. 1. Angiology and Vascular Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain doctorrial@gmail.com. 2. Angiology and Vascular Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain. 3. Physics Department, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Foam sclerotherapy effectiveness mainly depends on the concentration of the sclerosing agent and foam stability. The objective of this study was to determine if the addition of glycerol at different concentrations contributes to the stability of polidocanol foam. CONTROL GROUP: 3% polidocanol. Group 1: polidocanol 3% + glycerin 1.66%. Group 2: polidocanol 3% + glycerin 3.3%. Group 3: polidocanol 3% + Glycerin 5%. Tessari standard method. Five recordings were made for each mixture. Early visual liquefaction time and half liquid time decay were recorded in seconds. Microscopic measurement of the foams. Mixtures surface tension measurement (N/m). RESULTS: Early visual liquefaction: CONTROL GROUP: 27 (±3.11); Group 1: 67.8 (±6.49); Group 2: 48.6 (±8.2); and Group 3: 35.8 (±4.49). Half-liquid time: CONTROL: 129.2 (±11.00); Group 1: 260.4 (±18.99); Group 2: 224.6 (±13.03); and Group 3: 189.2 (±8.52). Bubbles/mm(2)-diameter-wall thickness: CONTROL: 68-98 μm-7 μm; Group 1: 189-60 μm-9 μm; Group 2: 76-92 μm-12 μm; and Group 3: 49-112 μm-20 μm. Surface tension: CONTROL = 5.54 N/m; Group 1 = 5.45 N/m; Group 2 = 5.35 N/m; and Group 3 = 5.21 N/m. CONCLUSIONS: Small amounts of glycerin highly increase the stability and quality of polidocanol foam. This simple chemical method is easily reproducible and applicable.
OBJECTIVES: Foam sclerotherapy effectiveness mainly depends on the concentration of the sclerosing agent and foam stability. The objective of this study was to determine if the addition of glycerol at different concentrations contributes to the stability of polidocanol foam. CONTROL GROUP: 3% polidocanol. Group 1: polidocanol 3% + glycerin 1.66%. Group 2: polidocanol 3% + glycerin 3.3%. Group 3: polidocanol 3% + Glycerin 5%. Tessari standard method. Five recordings were made for each mixture. Early visual liquefaction time and half liquid time decay were recorded in seconds. Microscopic measurement of the foams. Mixtures surface tension measurement (N/m). RESULTS: Early visual liquefaction: CONTROL GROUP: 27 (±3.11); Group 1: 67.8 (±6.49); Group 2: 48.6 (±8.2); and Group 3: 35.8 (±4.49). Half-liquid time: CONTROL: 129.2 (±11.00); Group 1: 260.4 (±18.99); Group 2: 224.6 (±13.03); and Group 3: 189.2 (±8.52). Bubbles/mm(2)-diameter-wall thickness: CONTROL: 68-98 μm-7 μm; Group 1: 189-60 μm-9 μm; Group 2: 76-92 μm-12 μm; and Group 3: 49-112 μm-20 μm. Surface tension: CONTROL = 5.54 N/m; Group 1 = 5.45 N/m; Group 2 = 5.35 N/m; and Group 3 = 5.21 N/m. CONCLUSIONS: Small amounts of glycerin highly increase the stability and quality of polidocanol foam. This simple chemical method is easily reproducible and applicable.