Total wrist arthroplasty.

Over the past 40 years, total wrist arthroplasty (TWA) has emerged as a cost-effective treatment option for wrist arthritis. First-generation implant designs have changed tremendously; current devices are designed to enhance wrist stability, provide greater implant longevity, and minimize surgical and postoperative complications. Although arthrodesis remains the standard for surgical management, TWA outcomes demonstrate that the procedure has excellent clinical promise. Additional prospective studies are needed to compare outcomes of wrist arthrodesis with those of TWA with current implants.