Margaret G Stineman1, Guangyu Zhang, Jibby E Kurichi, Zi Zhang, Joel E Streim, Qiang Pan, Dawei Xie. 1. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. mstinema@exchange.upenn.edu
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine how health-related, socioeconomic, and environmental factors combine to influence the onset of activity of daily living (ADL) limitations or prognosis for death or further functional deterioration or improvement among elderly people. DESIGN: A national representative sample with 2-year follow-up. SETTING: Community-dwelling people. PARTICIPANTS: Included were 9447 persons (≥70 years of age) in the United States from the Second Longitudinal Study of Aging who were interviewed in 1994, 1995, or 1996. METHODS: Self- or proxy-reported health conditions, ADLs expressed as 5 stages describing severity and pattern of limitations, and other baseline characteristics were obtained. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to predict stage transitions. Because of incomplete follow-up (17.7% of baseline sample), primary analyses were determined by multiple imputation to address potential bias associated with loss to follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT: ADL stage transitions in 2 years (death, deteriorated, stable, and improved ADL function). RESULTS: In the imputed-case analysis, the percentages for those who died, deteriorated, were stable, and improved were 12.6%, 32.7%, 48.4%, and 6.2%, respectively. Persons at a mild stage of ADL limitation were most likely to deteriorate further. Persons at advanced stages were most likely to die. Married people and high school graduates had a lower likelihood of deterioration. The risk of mortality and functional deterioration increased with age. Certain conditions, such as diabetes, were associated both with mortality and functional deterioration; other conditions, such as cancer, were associated with mortality only, and arthritis was associated only with functional deterioration. CONCLUSIONS: Although overlap occurs, different clinical traits are associated with mortality, functional deterioration, and functional improvement. ADL stages might aid physical medicine and rehabilitation clinicians and researchers in developing and monitoring disability management strategies targeted to maintaining and enhancing self-care among community-dwelling older people.
OBJECTIVE: To examine how health-related, socioeconomic, and environmental factors combine to influence the onset of activity of daily living (ADL) limitations or prognosis for death or further functional deterioration or improvement among elderly people. DESIGN: A national representative sample with 2-year follow-up. SETTING: Community-dwelling people. PARTICIPANTS: Included were 9447 persons (≥70 years of age) in the United States from the Second Longitudinal Study of Aging who were interviewed in 1994, 1995, or 1996. METHODS: Self- or proxy-reported health conditions, ADLs expressed as 5 stages describing severity and pattern of limitations, and other baseline characteristics were obtained. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to predict stage transitions. Because of incomplete follow-up (17.7% of baseline sample), primary analyses were determined by multiple imputation to address potential bias associated with loss to follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT: ADL stage transitions in 2 years (death, deteriorated, stable, and improved ADL function). RESULTS: In the imputed-case analysis, the percentages for those who died, deteriorated, were stable, and improved were 12.6%, 32.7%, 48.4%, and 6.2%, respectively. Persons at a mild stage of ADL limitation were most likely to deteriorate further. Persons at advanced stages were most likely to die. Married people and high school graduates had a lower likelihood of deterioration. The risk of mortality and functional deterioration increased with age. Certain conditions, such as diabetes, were associated both with mortality and functional deterioration; other conditions, such as cancer, were associated with mortality only, and arthritis was associated only with functional deterioration. CONCLUSIONS: Although overlap occurs, different clinical traits are associated with mortality, functional deterioration, and functional improvement. ADL stages might aid physical medicine and rehabilitation clinicians and researchers in developing and monitoring disability management strategies targeted to maintaining and enhancing self-care among community-dwelling older people.
Authors: Sean Hennessy; Jibby E Kurichi; Qiang Pan; Joel E Streim; Hillary R Bogner; Dawei Xie; Margaret G Stineman Journal: PM R Date: 2015-05-21 Impact factor: 2.298
Authors: Margaret G Stineman; Joel E Streim; Qiang Pan; Jibby E Kurichi; Sophia Miryam Schüssler-Fiorenza Rose; Dawei Xie Journal: PM R Date: 2014-05-02 Impact factor: 2.298
Authors: Hillary R Bogner; Heather F de Vries McClintock; Jibby E Kurichi; Pui L Kwong; Dawei Xie; Sean Hennessy; Joel E Streim; Margaret G Stineman Journal: Arch Phys Med Rehabil Date: 2016-08-30 Impact factor: 3.966
Authors: Ling Na; Sean Hennessy; Hillary R Bogner; Jibby E Kurichi; Margaret Stineman; Joel E Streim; Pui L Kwong; Dawei Xie; Liliana E Pezzin Journal: Disabil Health J Date: 2016-10-04 Impact factor: 2.554
Authors: Ling Na; Qiang Pan; Dawei Xie; Jibby E Kurichi; Joel E Streim; Hillary R Bogner; Debra Saliba; Sean Hennessy Journal: PM R Date: 2016-09-21 Impact factor: 2.298