BACKGROUND: The Western diet increases risk of metabolic disease. OBJECTIVE: We determined whether lowering the ratio of saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids in the Western diet would affect physical activity and energy expenditure. DESIGN: With the use of a balanced design, 2 cohorts of 18 and 14 young adults were enrolled in separate randomized, double-masked, crossover trials that compared a 3-wk high-palmitic acid diet (HPA; similar to the Western diet fat composition) to a low-palmitic acid and high-oleic acid diet (HOA; similar to the Mediterranean diet fat composition). All foods were provided by the investigators, and the palmitic acid (PA):oleic acid (OA) ratio was manipulated by adding different oil blends to the same foods. In both cohorts, we assessed physical activity (monitored continuously by using accelerometry) and resting energy expenditure (REE). To gain insight into a possible mood disturbance that might explain changes in physical activity, the Profile of Mood States (POMS) was administered in cohort 2. RESULTS:Physical activity was higher during the HOA than during the HPA in 15 of 17 subjects in cohort 1 (P = 0.008) (mean: 12% higher; P = 0.003) and in 12 of 12 subjects in the second, confirmatory cohort (P = 0.005) (mean: 15% higher; P = 0.003). When the HOA was compared with the HPA, REE measured during the fed state was 3% higher for cohort 1 (P < 0.01), and REE was 4.5% higher in the fasted state for cohort 2 (P = 0.04). POMS testing showed that the anger-hostility score was significantly higher during the HPA (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: The replacement of dietary PA with OA was associated with increased physical activity and REE and less anger. Besides presumed effects on mitochondrial function (increased REE), the dietary PA:OA ratio appears to affect behavior. The second cohort was derived from a study that was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as R01DK082803.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: The Western diet increases risk of metabolic disease. OBJECTIVE: We determined whether lowering the ratio of saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids in the Western diet would affect physical activity and energy expenditure. DESIGN: With the use of a balanced design, 2 cohorts of 18 and 14 young adults were enrolled in separate randomized, double-masked, crossover trials that compared a 3-wk high-palmitic acid diet (HPA; similar to the Western diet fat composition) to a low-palmitic acid and high-oleic acid diet (HOA; similar to the Mediterranean diet fat composition). All foods were provided by the investigators, and the palmitic acid (PA):oleic acid (OA) ratio was manipulated by adding different oil blends to the same foods. In both cohorts, we assessed physical activity (monitored continuously by using accelerometry) and resting energy expenditure (REE). To gain insight into a possible mood disturbance that might explain changes in physical activity, the Profile of Mood States (POMS) was administered in cohort 2. RESULTS: Physical activity was higher during the HOA than during the HPA in 15 of 17 subjects in cohort 1 (P = 0.008) (mean: 12% higher; P = 0.003) and in 12 of 12 subjects in the second, confirmatory cohort (P = 0.005) (mean: 15% higher; P = 0.003). When the HOA was compared with the HPA, REE measured during the fed state was 3% higher for cohort 1 (P < 0.01), and REE was 4.5% higher in the fasted state for cohort 2 (P = 0.04). POMS testing showed that the anger-hostility score was significantly higher during the HPA (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: The replacement of dietary PA with OA was associated with increased physical activity and REE and less anger. Besides presumed effects on mitochondrial function (increased REE), the dietary PA:OA ratio appears to affect behavior. The second cohort was derived from a study that was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as R01DK082803.
Authors: Margarita S Treuth; Kathryn Schmitz; Diane J Catellier; Robert G McMurray; David M Murray; M Joao Almeida; Scott Going; James E Norman; Russell Pate Journal: Med Sci Sports Exerc Date: 2004-07 Impact factor: 5.411
Authors: C Lawrence Kien; Karen I Everingham; Robert D Stevens; Naomi K Fukagawa; Deborah M Muoio Journal: Obesity (Silver Spring) Date: 2010-06-17 Impact factor: 5.002
Authors: Christopher B Newgard; Jie An; James R Bain; Michael J Muehlbauer; Robert D Stevens; Lillian F Lien; Andrea M Haqq; Svati H Shah; Michelle Arlotto; Cris A Slentz; James Rochon; Dianne Gallup; Olga Ilkayeva; Brett R Wenner; William S Yancy; Howard Eisenson; Gerald Musante; Richard S Surwit; David S Millington; Mark D Butler; Laura P Svetkey Journal: Cell Metab Date: 2009-04 Impact factor: 27.287
Authors: John R Ussher; Timothy R Koves; Virgilio J J Cadete; Liyan Zhang; Jagdip S Jaswal; Suzanne J Swyrd; David G Lopaschuk; Spencer D Proctor; Wendy Keung; Deborah M Muoio; Gary D Lopaschuk Journal: Diabetes Date: 2010-06-03 Impact factor: 9.461
Authors: C Lawrence Kien; Dwight E Matthews; Matthew E Poynter; Janice Y Bunn; Naomi K Fukagawa; Karen I Crain; David B Ebenstein; Emily K Tarleton; Robert D Stevens; Timothy R Koves; Deborah M Muoio Journal: J Lipid Res Date: 2015-07-08 Impact factor: 5.922
Authors: Naomi Kakoschke; Ian T Zajac; Jeannie Tay; Natalie D Luscombe-Marsh; Campbell H Thompson; Manny Noakes; Jonathan D Buckley; Gary Wittert; Grant D Brinkworth Journal: Eur J Nutr Date: 2021-05-20 Impact factor: 5.614
Authors: Julie A Dumas; Janice Y Bunn; Joshua Nickerson; Karen I Crain; David B Ebenstein; Emily K Tarleton; Jenna Makarewicz; Matthew E Poynter; Craig Lawrence Kien Journal: Metabolism Date: 2016-08-09 Impact factor: 8.694
Authors: C Lawrence Kien; Janice Y Bunn; Naomi K Fukagawa; Vikas Anathy; Dwight E Matthews; Karen I Crain; David B Ebenstein; Emily K Tarleton; Richard E Pratley; Matthew E Poynter Journal: J Nutr Biochem Date: 2015-08-01 Impact factor: 6.048
Authors: C Lawrence Kien; Janice Y Bunn; Robert Stevens; James Bain; Olga Ikayeva; Karen Crain; Timothy R Koves; Deborah M Muoio Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2014-01-15 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Morgan L Moon; Jennifer J Joesting; Marcus A Lawson; Gabriel S Chiu; Neil A Blevins; Kristin A Kwakwa; Gregory G Freund Journal: Metabolism Date: 2014-06-09 Impact factor: 8.694