Brain abscess as an initial presentation in a patient of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia caused by a novel ENG mutation.

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare inherited autosomal-dominant vascular dysplasia involving multiple organs. Brain abscess is an uncommon and potential fatal complication. We report a case of HHT caused by a novel ENG mutation who initially presented as brain abscess. The patient, with a family history of epistaxis, presented with fever, headache and right-sided haemiparesis. Upon examination, brain MRI showed a contrast-enhanced abscess on the left fronto-parietal region. Open brain drainage was performed and pus culture yielded Actinomyces meyeri. The chest image revealed multiple pulmonary arterio-venous fistulas. HHT was diagnosed according to Curacao criteria. Genetic analysis revealed a novel duplication on exon 6 of ENG gene, which segregates with symptomatic subjects in her family. Clinicians should be cautiously aware of HHT as a differential diagnosis if patients presented with an unknown entry source of intracerebral infections.