Ultrasound features of lacrimal gland in Sjogren's syndrome: case report.

A case is presented of bilateral lacrimal gland hypertrophy with secondary glaucoma due to the increased episcleralvenous pressure. Diagnostic work-up included clinical methods associated with ultrasound (A- and B-scan, Doppler ultrasound) and magnetic resonance imaging techniques. Clinical data revealed proptosis, episcleral congestion, and elevated intraocular pressure. Abnormal Schirmer's test and xerophthalmia were also present. Ultrasound examination identified enlarged masses of a cystic structure in lacrimal fossae bilaterally, superotemporally to the globe, more pronounced on the left side. Doppler ultrasound revealed vascularization and magnetic resonance imaging completed the findings offered by ultrasound methods. Based on the clinical aspect and the possible visual impairment due to secondary glaucoma, the mass lesion on the left side was removed by neurosurgical approach. Histopathology confirmed destruction of the lacrimal gland and immunohistochemistry indicated Sjogren's syndrome lesions. Sonography is able to provide noninvasively much of the information needed by the clinician. The A-scan and B-scan ultrasound techniques and color Doppler allow tracking and discrimination of orbital diseases, such as lacrimal gland lesions. Associated with clinical features, these methods provide the basis of correct diagnosis and appropriate therapy for lacrimal gland pathology.