BACKGROUND: Accuracy of electrode placement is an important determinant of outcome following deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery. Data on accuracy of electrode placement into the globus pallidum interna (GPi) in paediatric patients is limited, particularly those with non-primary dystonia who often have smaller GPi. Pallidal DBS is known to be more effective in the treatment of primary dystonia compared with secondary dystonia. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine if accuracy of pallidal electrode placement differed between primary, secondary and NBIA (neuronal degeneration and brain iron accumulation) associated dystonia and how this related to motor outcome following surgery. METHODS: A retrospective review of a consecutive cohort of children and young people undergoing DBS surgery in a single centre. Fused in frame preoperative planning magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and postoperative computed tomography (CT) brain scans were used to determine the accuracy of placement of DBS electrode tip in Leskell stereotactic system compared with the planned target. The differences along X, Y, and Z coordinates were calculated, as was the Euclidean distance of electrode tip from the target. The relationship between proximity to target and change in Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale at 1 year was also measured. RESULTS: Data were collected from 88 electrodes placed in 42 patients (14 primary dystonia, 18 secondary dystonia and 10 NBIA associated dystonia). Median differences between planned target and actual position were: left-side X-axis 1.05 mm, Y-axis 0.85 mm, Z-axis 0.94 mm and Euclidean difference 2.04 mm; right-side X-axis 1.28 mm, Y-axis 0.70 mm, Z-axis 0.70 mm and Euclidean difference 2.45 mm. Accuracy did not differ between left and right-sided electrodes. No difference in accuracy was seen between primary, secondary or NBIA associated dystonia. Dystonia reduction at 1 year post surgery did not appear to relate to proximity of implanted electrode to surgical target across the cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Accuracy of surgical placement did not differ between primary, secondary or NBIA associated dystonia. Decreased efficacy of pallidal DBS in secondary and NBIA associated dystonia is unlikely to be related to difficulties in achieving the planned electrode placement.
BACKGROUND: Accuracy of electrode placement is an important determinant of outcome following deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery. Data on accuracy of electrode placement into the globus pallidum interna (GPi) in paediatric patients is limited, particularly those with non-primary dystonia who often have smaller GPi. Pallidal DBS is known to be more effective in the treatment of primary dystonia compared with secondary dystonia. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine if accuracy of pallidal electrode placement differed between primary, secondary and NBIA (neuronal degeneration and brain iron accumulation) associated dystonia and how this related to motor outcome following surgery. METHODS: A retrospective review of a consecutive cohort of children and young people undergoing DBS surgery in a single centre. Fused in frame preoperative planning magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and postoperative computed tomography (CT) brain scans were used to determine the accuracy of placement of DBS electrode tip in Leskell stereotactic system compared with the planned target. The differences along X, Y, and Z coordinates were calculated, as was the Euclidean distance of electrode tip from the target. The relationship between proximity to target and change in Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale at 1 year was also measured. RESULTS: Data were collected from 88 electrodes placed in 42 patients (14 primary dystonia, 18 secondary dystonia and 10 NBIA associated dystonia). Median differences between planned target and actual position were: left-side X-axis 1.05 mm, Y-axis 0.85 mm, Z-axis 0.94 mm and Euclidean difference 2.04 mm; right-side X-axis 1.28 mm, Y-axis 0.70 mm, Z-axis 0.70 mm and Euclidean difference 2.45 mm. Accuracy did not differ between left and right-sided electrodes. No difference in accuracy was seen between primary, secondary or NBIA associated dystonia. Dystonia reduction at 1 year post surgery did not appear to relate to proximity of implanted electrode to surgical target across the cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Accuracy of surgical placement did not differ between primary, secondary or NBIA associated dystonia. Decreased efficacy of pallidal DBS in secondary and NBIA associated dystonia is unlikely to be related to difficulties in achieving the planned electrode placement.
Authors: Verity M McClelland; Doreen Fialho; Denise Flexney-Briscoe; Graham E Holder; Markus C Elze; Hortensia Gimeno; Ata Siddiqui; Kerry Mills; Richard Selway; Jean-Pierre Lin Journal: Clin Neurophysiol Date: 2017-11-24 Impact factor: 3.708
Authors: Naomi I Kremer; D L Marinus Oterdoom; Peter Jan van Laar; Dan Piña-Fuentes; Teus van Laar; Gea Drost; Arjen L J van Hulzen; J Marc C van Dijk Journal: Neuromodulation Date: 2019-01-10
Authors: V M McClelland; A Valentin; H G Rey; D E Lumsden; M C Elze; R Selway; G Alarcon; J-P Lin Journal: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry Date: 2016-02-04 Impact factor: 10.154
Authors: Lars E van der Loo; Olaf E M G Schijns; Govert Hoogland; Albert J Colon; G Louis Wagner; Jim T A Dings; Pieter L Kubben Journal: Acta Neurochir (Wien) Date: 2017-07-05 Impact factor: 2.216