Nasal reconstruction using tissue engineered constructs: an update.

Currently, the gold standard for reconstruction after rhinectomy or severe trauma to the nose, includes transposition of autologous mucosal flaps plus autologous cartilage grating and coverage using a skin flap. Difficulties with this approach arise where; cartilage and mucosa harvested from autologous donor sites is insufficient to achieve a passable aesthetic and functional reconstruction. Skin flaps are often bulky, poor color matches with hair follicles that reduce the aesthetic quality of the reconstruction. We suggest that tissue engineering could be a source of functional replacement tissues for nasal reconstructive surgery. However, the advancement of such an approach is dependent on the dissemination of scientific information into the clinical community, regarding the engineering of tissues such as mucosa, skin, and cartilage. This paper therefore reviews how the tissue engineering strategies available for producing clinically viable tissues could help resolve issues around reconstructing the human nose.