Synthesis, structure, and characterization of two new polar sodium tungsten selenites: Na2(WO3)3(SeO3)·2H2O and Na6(W6O19)(SeO3)2.

Two new quaternary sodium tungsten selenites, Na2(WO3)3(SeO3)·2H2O (P31c) and Na6(W6O19)(SeO3)2 (C2), have been synthesized and characterized. The former exhibits a hexagonal tungsten oxide layered structure, whereas the latter has a one-dimensional "ribbon" structure. The layers and "ribbons" consist of distorted WO6 and asymmetric SeO3 polyhedra. The layers in Na2(WO3)3(SeO3)·2H2O and the "ribbons" in Na6(W6O19)(SeO3)2 are separated by Na(+) cations. Powder second-harmonic-generation (SHG) measurements on Na2(WO3)3(SeO3)·2H2O and Na6(W6O19)(SeO3)2 using 1064 nm radiation reveal SHG efficiencies of approximately 450× and 20× α-SiO2, respectively. Particle size versus SHG efficiency measurements indicate that the materials are type 1 non-phase-matchable. Converse piezoelectric measurements result in d33 values of approximately 23 and 12 pm/V, whereas pyroelectric measurements reveal coefficients of -0.41 and -1.10 μC/m(2)·K at 60 °C for Na2(WO3)3(SeO3)·2H2O and Na6(W6O19)(SeO3)2, respectively. Frequency-dependent polarization measurements confirm that the materials are nonferroelectric; i.e., the macroscopic polarization is not reversible, or "switchable". IR and UV-vis spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis measurements, and electron localization function calculations were also done for the materials. Crystal data: Na2(WO3)3(SeO3)·2H2O, trigonal, space group P31c (No. 159), a = 7.2595(6) Å, b = 7.2595(6) Å, c = 12.4867(13) Å, V = 569.89(9) Å(3), Z = 2; Na6(W6O19)(SeO3)2, monoclinic, space group C2 (No. 5), a = 42.169(8) Å, b = 7.2690(15) Å, c = 6.7494(13) Å, β = 98.48(3)°, V = 2046.2(7) Å(3), Z = 4.