| Literature DB >> 23424578 |
Aike Meier Zu Greffen1, Darius P Kranz, Jörg-M Neudörfl, Hans-Günther Schmalz.
Abstract
In the title compound, C(23)H(34)O(4), the C/D and D/E rings are trans fused and the A/B ring possesses an anti fusion. The two cyclo-hexane rings adopt a chair conformation while the cyclo-hexene ring exhibits a half-chair conformation. The cyclo-pentane ring displays an envelope conformation with the C atom bearing the methyl group as the flap. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are linked by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along the b axis.Entities:
Year: 2013 PMID: 23424578 PMCID: PMC3569832 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536813002493
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online ISSN: 1600-5368
| C23H34O4 | |
| Orthorhombic, | Mo |
| Hall symbol: P 2ac 2ab | Cell parameters from 9889 reflections |
| θ = 2.0–27.0° | |
| µ = 0.08 mm−1 | |
| Prism, colourless | |
| 0.3 × 0.3 × 0.3 mm |
| Nonius KappaCCD diffractometer | 1943 reflections with |
| Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | |
| Graphite monochromator | θmax = 27.0°, θmin = 2.0° |
| Phi/ω–Scans scans | |
| 9889 measured reflections | |
| 2457 independent reflections |
| Refinement on | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
| Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
| Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites | |
| H-atom parameters constrained | |
| 2457 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
| 247 parameters | Δρmax = 0.23 e Å−3 |
| 0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.23 e Å−3 |
| Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
| Refinement. Refinement of |
| O1 | −0.03545 (17) | 0.54114 (10) | 0.67613 (8) | 0.0195 (3) | |
| O2 | −0.13591 (19) | 0.70584 (11) | 0.65410 (8) | 0.0267 (4) | |
| O3 | 0.20344 (19) | 0.38623 (10) | 0.94444 (8) | 0.0246 (4) | |
| H3A | 0.1481 | 0.3467 | 0.9180 | 0.037* | |
| O4 | −0.0183 (2) | 0.54920 (11) | 1.30301 (9) | 0.0360 (5) | |
| C1 | −0.0748 (2) | 0.47261 (15) | 0.87606 (11) | 0.0170 (5) | |
| H1A | −0.0708 | 0.4021 | 0.9016 | 0.020* | |
| H1B | −0.1789 | 0.5030 | 0.8836 | 0.020* | |
| C2 | −0.0516 (3) | 0.45275 (14) | 0.79398 (11) | 0.0182 (5) | |
| H2A | 0.0481 | 0.4161 | 0.7856 | 0.022* | |
| H2B | −0.1345 | 0.4055 | 0.7752 | 0.022* | |
| C3 | −0.0541 (3) | 0.55950 (14) | 0.75430 (11) | 0.0180 (5) | |
| H3 | −0.1547 | 0.5964 | 0.7634 | 0.022* | |
| C4 | 0.0760 (3) | 0.63061 (15) | 0.78170 (11) | 0.0188 (5) | |
| H4A | 0.1758 | 0.5953 | 0.7713 | 0.023* | |
| H4B | 0.0738 | 0.7007 | 0.7557 | 0.023* | |
| C5 | 0.0611 (2) | 0.64986 (15) | 0.86293 (11) | 0.0165 (5) | |
| C6 | 0.0610 (3) | 0.75048 (15) | 0.88802 (11) | 0.0172 (5) | |
| H6 | 0.0682 | 0.8072 | 0.8532 | 0.021* | |
| C7 | 0.0504 (3) | 0.78158 (14) | 0.96614 (11) | 0.0172 (5) | |
| H7A | −0.0510 | 0.8155 | 0.9751 | 0.021* | |
| H7B | 0.1306 | 0.8360 | 0.9769 | 0.021* | |
| C8 | 0.0700 (3) | 0.68595 (14) | 1.01773 (11) | 0.0160 (5) | |
| H8 | 0.1819 | 0.6683 | 1.0216 | 0.019* | |
| C9 | −0.0163 (2) | 0.58588 (14) | 0.98836 (11) | 0.0165 (5) | |
| H9 | −0.1252 | 0.6093 | 0.9807 | 0.020* | |
| C10 | 0.0442 (2) | 0.54967 (14) | 0.91196 (11) | 0.0161 (5) | |
| C11 | −0.0222 (3) | 0.49458 (14) | 1.04593 (11) | 0.0193 (5) | |
| H20A | −0.0894 | 0.4359 | 1.0277 | 0.023* | |
| H20B | 0.0825 | 0.4644 | 1.0522 | 0.023* | |
| C12 | −0.0822 (3) | 0.53265 (15) | 1.12077 (11) | 0.0185 (5) | |
| H12A | −0.1904 | 0.5564 | 1.1159 | 0.022* | |
| H12B | −0.0793 | 0.4716 | 1.1556 | 0.022* | |
| C13 | 0.0157 (2) | 0.62660 (15) | 1.15054 (11) | 0.0158 (5) | |
| C14 | 0.0106 (3) | 0.71672 (14) | 1.09252 (11) | 0.0154 (5) | |
| H14 | −0.1005 | 0.7351 | 1.0859 | 0.018* | |
| C15 | 0.0832 (3) | 0.81413 (15) | 1.13106 (11) | 0.0191 (5) | |
| H15A | 0.0457 | 0.8828 | 1.1098 | 0.023* | |
| H15B | 0.1967 | 0.8119 | 1.1274 | 0.023* | |
| C16 | 0.0306 (3) | 0.80233 (14) | 1.21114 (11) | 0.0216 (5) | |
| H16A | −0.0408 | 0.8614 | 1.2246 | 0.026* | |
| H16B | 0.1201 | 0.8042 | 1.2445 | 0.026* | |
| C17 | −0.0521 (3) | 0.69056 (14) | 1.21538 (11) | 0.0173 (5) | |
| H17 | −0.1627 | 0.7040 | 1.2035 | 0.021* | |
| C18 | 0.1795 (3) | 0.58958 (16) | 1.16724 (12) | 0.0232 (5) | |
| H18A | 0.1764 | 0.5277 | 1.2006 | 0.035* | |
| H18B | 0.2366 | 0.6489 | 1.1900 | 0.035* | |
| H18C | 0.2306 | 0.5683 | 1.1218 | 0.035* | |
| C19 | 0.2043 (2) | 0.49419 (15) | 0.91585 (12) | 0.0199 (5) | |
| H19A | 0.2488 | 0.4924 | 0.8661 | 0.024* | |
| H19B | 0.2728 | 0.5391 | 0.9466 | 0.024* | |
| C20 | −0.0486 (3) | 0.64326 (16) | 1.29112 (11) | 0.0219 (5) | |
| C21 | −0.0887 (3) | 0.71767 (17) | 1.35354 (11) | 0.0293 (6) | |
| H21A | 0.0035 | 0.7569 | 1.3691 | 0.044* | |
| H21B | −0.1286 | 0.6750 | 1.3944 | 0.044* | |
| H21C | −0.1672 | 0.7694 | 1.3376 | 0.044* | |
| C22 | −0.0763 (3) | 0.62330 (17) | 0.63230 (12) | 0.0221 (5) | |
| C23 | −0.0378 (3) | 0.60069 (18) | 0.55382 (12) | 0.0315 (6) | |
| H23A | 0.0720 | 0.6136 | 0.5456 | 0.047* | |
| H23B | −0.0981 | 0.6485 | 0.5223 | 0.047* | |
| H23C | −0.0622 | 0.5252 | 0.5424 | 0.047* |
| O1 | 0.0238 (9) | 0.0196 (7) | 0.0151 (8) | 0.0004 (7) | 0.0002 (7) | −0.0013 (6) |
| O2 | 0.0370 (10) | 0.0199 (8) | 0.0232 (9) | 0.0036 (7) | −0.0009 (8) | 0.0023 (7) |
| O3 | 0.0298 (10) | 0.0191 (7) | 0.0248 (9) | 0.0059 (7) | −0.0058 (8) | −0.0034 (6) |
| O4 | 0.0604 (13) | 0.0203 (8) | 0.0274 (10) | 0.0038 (9) | 0.0007 (9) | 0.0066 (6) |
| C1 | 0.0157 (11) | 0.0153 (10) | 0.0200 (11) | −0.0005 (9) | −0.0012 (9) | 0.0014 (8) |
| C2 | 0.0176 (12) | 0.0158 (10) | 0.0213 (12) | 0.0008 (9) | −0.0014 (10) | −0.0024 (8) |
| C3 | 0.0208 (12) | 0.0187 (10) | 0.0145 (11) | 0.0006 (10) | 0.0020 (10) | −0.0025 (8) |
| C4 | 0.0200 (12) | 0.0184 (10) | 0.0180 (11) | −0.0006 (9) | 0.0025 (10) | 0.0005 (9) |
| C5 | 0.0117 (11) | 0.0207 (11) | 0.0171 (12) | −0.0011 (9) | 0.0000 (9) | 0.0013 (8) |
| C6 | 0.0175 (12) | 0.0184 (10) | 0.0156 (11) | −0.0014 (9) | −0.0013 (10) | 0.0030 (8) |
| C7 | 0.0180 (12) | 0.0136 (10) | 0.0199 (11) | −0.0022 (9) | 0.0004 (10) | −0.0003 (8) |
| C8 | 0.0148 (11) | 0.0144 (10) | 0.0188 (12) | −0.0007 (9) | 0.0010 (10) | 0.0018 (8) |
| C9 | 0.0179 (12) | 0.0151 (10) | 0.0166 (11) | −0.0003 (9) | −0.0002 (9) | 0.0008 (8) |
| C10 | 0.0151 (11) | 0.0149 (10) | 0.0185 (11) | −0.0005 (9) | −0.0008 (9) | −0.0007 (8) |
| C11 | 0.0239 (13) | 0.0165 (10) | 0.0174 (12) | −0.0011 (9) | −0.0008 (9) | −0.0001 (8) |
| C12 | 0.0221 (12) | 0.0153 (10) | 0.0183 (11) | −0.0025 (9) | −0.0002 (10) | 0.0018 (9) |
| C13 | 0.0172 (11) | 0.0162 (10) | 0.0139 (11) | 0.0002 (9) | −0.0005 (9) | 0.0022 (8) |
| C14 | 0.0147 (11) | 0.0138 (10) | 0.0177 (11) | 0.0004 (9) | −0.0003 (9) | 0.0011 (8) |
| C15 | 0.0226 (12) | 0.0167 (10) | 0.0179 (12) | −0.0032 (9) | −0.0010 (10) | −0.0011 (8) |
| C16 | 0.0283 (14) | 0.0161 (10) | 0.0204 (12) | −0.0047 (10) | 0.0007 (11) | −0.0028 (8) |
| C17 | 0.0190 (12) | 0.0162 (10) | 0.0166 (11) | −0.0017 (9) | −0.0023 (10) | 0.0011 (8) |
| C18 | 0.0236 (13) | 0.0228 (11) | 0.0232 (13) | 0.0034 (10) | −0.0024 (10) | 0.0022 (10) |
| C19 | 0.0164 (12) | 0.0185 (11) | 0.0250 (12) | 0.0001 (9) | −0.0017 (10) | −0.0007 (9) |
| C20 | 0.0219 (13) | 0.0230 (11) | 0.0208 (12) | −0.0033 (10) | −0.0033 (11) | 0.0022 (9) |
| C21 | 0.0440 (17) | 0.0237 (12) | 0.0203 (13) | −0.0065 (11) | 0.0002 (12) | −0.0009 (9) |
| C22 | 0.0225 (12) | 0.0230 (12) | 0.0208 (12) | −0.0050 (10) | −0.0024 (11) | 0.0019 (9) |
| C23 | 0.0393 (17) | 0.0329 (12) | 0.0223 (13) | −0.0003 (12) | 0.0019 (12) | −0.0001 (10) |
| O1—C22 | 1.344 (2) | C11—C12 | 1.542 (3) |
| O1—C3 | 1.460 (2) | C11—H20A | 0.9900 |
| O2—C22 | 1.213 (2) | C11—H20B | 0.9900 |
| O3—C19 | 1.435 (2) | C12—C13 | 1.541 (3) |
| O3—H3A | 0.8400 | C12—H12A | 0.9900 |
| O4—C20 | 1.213 (2) | C12—H12B | 0.9900 |
| C1—C2 | 1.538 (3) | C13—C18 | 1.527 (3) |
| C1—C10 | 1.553 (3) | C13—C14 | 1.541 (3) |
| C1—H1A | 0.9900 | C13—C17 | 1.545 (3) |
| C1—H1B | 0.9900 | C14—C15 | 1.533 (3) |
| C2—C3 | 1.508 (3) | C14—H14 | 1.0000 |
| C2—H2A | 0.9900 | C15—C16 | 1.545 (3) |
| C2—H2B | 0.9900 | C15—H15A | 0.9900 |
| C3—C4 | 1.519 (3) | C15—H15B | 0.9900 |
| C3—H3 | 1.0000 | C16—C17 | 1.561 (3) |
| C4—C5 | 1.513 (3) | C16—H16A | 0.9900 |
| C4—H4A | 0.9900 | C16—H16B | 0.9900 |
| C4—H4B | 0.9900 | C17—C20 | 1.507 (3) |
| C5—C6 | 1.327 (3) | C17—H17 | 1.0000 |
| C5—C10 | 1.538 (3) | C18—H18A | 0.9800 |
| C6—C7 | 1.486 (3) | C18—H18B | 0.9800 |
| C6—H6 | 0.9500 | C18—H18C | 0.9800 |
| C7—C8 | 1.524 (2) | C19—H19A | 0.9900 |
| C7—H7A | 0.9900 | C19—H19B | 0.9900 |
| C7—H7B | 0.9900 | C20—C21 | 1.509 (3) |
| C8—C14 | 1.514 (3) | C21—H21A | 0.9800 |
| C8—C9 | 1.544 (3) | C21—H21B | 0.9800 |
| C8—H8 | 1.0000 | C21—H21C | 0.9800 |
| C9—C11 | 1.547 (3) | C22—C23 | 1.503 (3) |
| C9—C10 | 1.562 (3) | C23—H23A | 0.9800 |
| C9—H9 | 1.0000 | C23—H23B | 0.9800 |
| C10—C19 | 1.554 (3) | C23—H23C | 0.9800 |
| C22—O1—C3 | 116.09 (15) | C11—C12—H12A | 109.4 |
| C19—O3—H3A | 109.5 | C13—C12—H12B | 109.4 |
| C2—C1—C10 | 115.17 (17) | C11—C12—H12B | 109.4 |
| C2—C1—H1A | 108.5 | H12A—C12—H12B | 108.0 |
| C10—C1—H1A | 108.5 | C18—C13—C12 | 111.11 (16) |
| C2—C1—H1B | 108.5 | C18—C13—C14 | 112.45 (17) |
| C10—C1—H1B | 108.5 | C12—C13—C14 | 106.58 (16) |
| H1A—C1—H1B | 107.5 | C18—C13—C17 | 110.81 (18) |
| C3—C2—C1 | 109.27 (15) | C12—C13—C17 | 116.62 (17) |
| C3—C2—H2A | 109.8 | C14—C13—C17 | 98.59 (14) |
| C1—C2—H2A | 109.8 | C8—C14—C15 | 118.33 (17) |
| C3—C2—H2B | 109.8 | C8—C14—C13 | 115.67 (15) |
| C1—C2—H2B | 109.8 | C15—C14—C13 | 103.82 (16) |
| H2A—C2—H2B | 108.3 | C8—C14—H14 | 106.0 |
| O1—C3—C2 | 109.60 (14) | C15—C14—H14 | 106.0 |
| O1—C3—C4 | 109.38 (16) | C13—C14—H14 | 106.0 |
| C2—C3—C4 | 109.69 (17) | C14—C15—C16 | 103.98 (16) |
| O1—C3—H3 | 109.4 | C14—C15—H15A | 111.0 |
| C2—C3—H3 | 109.4 | C16—C15—H15A | 111.0 |
| C4—C3—H3 | 109.4 | C14—C15—H15B | 111.0 |
| C5—C4—C3 | 110.67 (17) | C16—C15—H15B | 111.0 |
| C5—C4—H4A | 109.5 | H15A—C15—H15B | 109.0 |
| C3—C4—H4A | 109.5 | C15—C16—C17 | 105.52 (15) |
| C5—C4—H4B | 109.5 | C15—C16—H16A | 110.6 |
| C3—C4—H4B | 109.5 | C17—C16—H16A | 110.6 |
| H4A—C4—H4B | 108.1 | C15—C16—H16B | 110.6 |
| C6—C5—C4 | 119.25 (17) | C17—C16—H16B | 110.6 |
| C6—C5—C10 | 123.59 (18) | H16A—C16—H16B | 108.8 |
| C4—C5—C10 | 117.15 (16) | C20—C17—C13 | 120.13 (16) |
| C5—C6—C7 | 125.24 (18) | C20—C17—C16 | 112.36 (17) |
| C5—C6—H6 | 117.4 | C13—C17—C16 | 103.86 (16) |
| C7—C6—H6 | 117.4 | C20—C17—H17 | 106.6 |
| C6—C7—C8 | 112.96 (16) | C13—C17—H17 | 106.6 |
| C6—C7—H7A | 109.0 | C16—C17—H17 | 106.6 |
| C8—C7—H7A | 109.0 | C13—C18—H18A | 109.5 |
| C6—C7—H7B | 109.0 | C13—C18—H18B | 109.5 |
| C8—C7—H7B | 109.0 | H18A—C18—H18B | 109.5 |
| H7A—C7—H7B | 107.8 | C13—C18—H18C | 109.5 |
| C14—C8—C7 | 109.19 (15) | H18A—C18—H18C | 109.5 |
| C14—C8—C9 | 110.59 (17) | H18B—C18—H18C | 109.5 |
| C7—C8—C9 | 110.59 (16) | O3—C19—C10 | 115.04 (17) |
| C14—C8—H8 | 108.8 | O3—C19—H19A | 108.5 |
| C7—C8—H8 | 108.8 | C10—C19—H19A | 108.5 |
| C9—C8—H8 | 108.8 | O3—C19—H19B | 108.5 |
| C8—C9—C11 | 111.31 (16) | C10—C19—H19B | 108.5 |
| C8—C9—C10 | 112.25 (16) | H19A—C19—H19B | 107.5 |
| C11—C9—C10 | 114.42 (15) | O4—C20—C17 | 122.86 (19) |
| C8—C9—H9 | 106.1 | O4—C20—C21 | 119.94 (19) |
| C11—C9—H9 | 106.1 | C17—C20—C21 | 117.18 (17) |
| C10—C9—H9 | 106.1 | C20—C21—H21A | 109.5 |
| C5—C10—C1 | 108.10 (16) | C20—C21—H21B | 109.5 |
| C5—C10—C19 | 107.29 (16) | H21A—C21—H21B | 109.5 |
| C1—C10—C19 | 110.20 (15) | C20—C21—H21C | 109.5 |
| C5—C10—C9 | 108.97 (15) | H21A—C21—H21C | 109.5 |
| C1—C10—C9 | 109.34 (17) | H21B—C21—H21C | 109.5 |
| C19—C10—C9 | 112.81 (17) | O2—C22—O1 | 123.6 (2) |
| C12—C11—C9 | 113.28 (15) | O2—C22—C23 | 124.6 (2) |
| C12—C11—H20A | 108.9 | O1—C22—C23 | 111.88 (18) |
| C9—C11—H20A | 108.9 | C22—C23—H23A | 109.5 |
| C12—C11—H20B | 108.9 | C22—C23—H23B | 109.5 |
| C9—C11—H20B | 108.9 | H23A—C23—H23B | 109.5 |
| H20A—C11—H20B | 107.7 | C22—C23—H23C | 109.5 |
| C13—C12—C11 | 111.00 (17) | H23A—C23—H23C | 109.5 |
| C13—C12—H12A | 109.4 | H23B—C23—H23C | 109.5 |
| C10—C1—C2—C3 | −57.1 (2) | C9—C11—C12—C13 | −56.8 (2) |
| C22—O1—C3—C2 | 162.62 (17) | C11—C12—C13—C18 | −65.7 (2) |
| C22—O1—C3—C4 | −77.1 (2) | C11—C12—C13—C14 | 57.1 (2) |
| C1—C2—C3—O1 | −178.82 (16) | C11—C12—C13—C17 | 166.01 (16) |
| C1—C2—C3—C4 | 61.1 (2) | C7—C8—C14—C15 | −58.5 (2) |
| O1—C3—C4—C5 | −179.18 (15) | C9—C8—C14—C15 | 179.59 (17) |
| C2—C3—C4—C5 | −58.9 (2) | C7—C8—C14—C13 | 177.42 (17) |
| C3—C4—C5—C6 | −126.4 (2) | C9—C8—C14—C13 | 55.5 (2) |
| C3—C4—C5—C10 | 52.6 (2) | C18—C13—C14—C8 | 63.1 (2) |
| C4—C5—C6—C7 | −178.7 (2) | C12—C13—C14—C8 | −58.9 (2) |
| C10—C5—C6—C7 | 2.3 (4) | C17—C13—C14—C8 | 179.88 (18) |
| C5—C6—C7—C8 | 10.9 (3) | C18—C13—C14—C15 | −68.3 (2) |
| C6—C7—C8—C14 | −162.88 (18) | C12—C13—C14—C15 | 169.74 (17) |
| C6—C7—C8—C9 | −41.0 (3) | C17—C13—C14—C15 | 48.5 (2) |
| C14—C8—C9—C11 | −48.9 (2) | C8—C14—C15—C16 | −164.60 (18) |
| C7—C8—C9—C11 | −169.97 (18) | C13—C14—C15—C16 | −34.9 (2) |
| C14—C8—C9—C10 | −178.62 (16) | C14—C15—C16—C17 | 6.9 (2) |
| C7—C8—C9—C10 | 60.3 (2) | C18—C13—C17—C20 | −51.9 (2) |
| C6—C5—C10—C1 | 134.0 (2) | C12—C13—C17—C20 | 76.5 (2) |
| C4—C5—C10—C1 | −45.0 (2) | C14—C13—C17—C20 | −169.98 (19) |
| C6—C5—C10—C19 | −107.2 (2) | C18—C13—C17—C16 | 74.70 (19) |
| C4—C5—C10—C19 | 73.8 (2) | C12—C13—C17—C16 | −156.87 (17) |
| C6—C5—C10—C9 | 15.2 (3) | C14—C13—C17—C16 | −43.38 (19) |
| C4—C5—C10—C9 | −163.72 (18) | C15—C16—C17—C20 | 154.51 (18) |
| C2—C1—C10—C5 | 46.9 (2) | C15—C16—C17—C13 | 23.2 (2) |
| C2—C1—C10—C19 | −70.0 (2) | C5—C10—C19—O3 | −165.71 (16) |
| C2—C1—C10—C9 | 165.42 (16) | C1—C10—C19—O3 | −48.2 (2) |
| C8—C9—C10—C5 | −45.7 (2) | C9—C10—C19—O3 | 74.3 (2) |
| C11—C9—C10—C5 | −173.76 (17) | C13—C17—C20—O4 | −12.8 (3) |
| C8—C9—C10—C1 | −163.62 (15) | C16—C17—C20—O4 | −135.4 (2) |
| C11—C9—C10—C1 | 68.3 (2) | C13—C17—C20—C21 | 168.8 (2) |
| C8—C9—C10—C19 | 73.38 (19) | C16—C17—C20—C21 | 46.2 (3) |
| C11—C9—C10—C19 | −54.7 (2) | C3—O1—C22—O2 | −5.2 (3) |
| C8—C9—C11—C12 | 51.4 (2) | C3—O1—C22—C23 | 174.20 (17) |
| C10—C9—C11—C12 | 179.96 (18) |
| H··· | ||||
| O3—H3 | 0.84 | 2.19 | 2.9305 (19) | 147 |
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)
|
|
| H⋯ |
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| O3—H3 | 0.84 | 2.19 | 2.9305 (19) | 147 |
Symmetry code: (i) .