Intercellular synchronization of coupled smooth muscle cells via Ca2+ propagation.

The propagation of Ca2+ wave through gap junction in smooth muscle cell is studied as a function of electrical coupling parameter (g) modulated by Ca2+ level in the cell. The range of activation time of Ca2+ propagation with amplitude is found to increase as increase in electrical coupling parameter g, which is identified by increase in critical time of activation, T(F) as a function of g. Then identical Ca2+ oscillators are allowed to interact via electrical and diffusive coupling of Ca2+ ions diffused through gap junctions, and rate of intercellular synchronization among them is studied. The phase diagrams in (T(F) - g) and (T(F) - epsilon) parameter spaces separate oscillation death and damped oscillations regimes which correspond to deactivated and activated regimes of Ca2+ level. The effect of on T(F) is significantly very slow, however it enhances the rate of synchronization among the coupled oscillators. The increase in g comparatively slows down the rate of synchronization of the coupled oscillators as shown in the phase diagram in (epsilon - g) parameter space which separates desynchronized and synchronized regimes.