Bilateral posterior ischaemic optic neuropathy after severe diabetic ketoacidosis, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and respiratory failure.

A 44-year-old male European with type I diabetes mellitus fell into diabetic ketoacidosis. In the emergency room, he developed an episode of asystole and respiratory failure requiring one cycle of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Waking up 7 days later, he presented a bilateral complete loss of vision. Ophthalmological examination including funduscopy on days 1 and 10, after extubation, showed bilateral large round pupils non-reactive to light and a normal fundus. Neuroimaging studies, including MRI and MRA of the brain, were all within normal limits. A lumbar puncture and comprehensive serological testing excluded an infectious or rheumatic cause. An empirical high-dose intravenous steroid treatment administered for 5 days had no effect on his vision. His eye examination at 1.5 months follow-up showed a normal fundus except for progressive bilateral optic nerve disc pallor, which pointed towards the diagnosis of a posterior ischaemic optic neuropathy.