OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between periodontal disease and cognitive decline. DESIGN: Analysis of a prospective cohort study. SETTING: The Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand fifty-three participants who were administered the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) at Year 1 (baseline) and Year 3 and had participated in a comprehensive periodontal examination at Year 2. MEASUREMENTS: The prospective association between a range of oral health parameters and cognitive function was examined. Decline in 3MS score from Year 3 to 5 was investigated in 947 (89.9%) participants. Covariates included age, sex, education, race, cardiovascular disease and risk, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Most indicators of adverse oral health at Year 2 were associated with cognitive impairment based on averaged 3MS scores less than 80 for Years 1 and 3, but education and race substantially confounded these associations. Higher gingival index, a measure of gingival inflammation, at Year 2 remained independently associated with this definition of cognitive impairment and, in fully adjusted analyses, was also an independent predictor of a more-than-5-point cognitive decline from Year 3 to 5. CONCLUSION: Periodontitis may be a risk factor for cognitive decline. Gingivitis is reversible, and periodontitis to some degree is preventable and controllable when manifest. Therefore, further research is needed to clarify potential underlying mechanisms and oral health interventions that might ameliorate cognitive decline.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between periodontal disease and cognitive decline. DESIGN: Analysis of a prospective cohort study. SETTING: The Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand fifty-three participants who were administered the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) at Year 1 (baseline) and Year 3 and had participated in a comprehensive periodontal examination at Year 2. MEASUREMENTS: The prospective association between a range of oral health parameters and cognitive function was examined. Decline in 3MS score from Year 3 to 5 was investigated in 947 (89.9%) participants. Covariates included age, sex, education, race, cardiovascular disease and risk, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Most indicators of adverse oral health at Year 2 were associated with cognitive impairment based on averaged 3MS scores less than 80 for Years 1 and 3, but education and race substantially confounded these associations. Higher gingival index, a measure of gingival inflammation, at Year 2 remained independently associated with this definition of cognitive impairment and, in fully adjusted analyses, was also an independent predictor of a more-than-5-point cognitive decline from Year 3 to 5. CONCLUSION:Periodontitis may be a risk factor for cognitive decline. Gingivitis is reversible, and periodontitis to some degree is preventable and controllable when manifest. Therefore, further research is needed to clarify potential underlying mechanisms and oral health interventions that might ameliorate cognitive decline.
Authors: K Yaffe; K Lindquist; B W Penninx; E M Simonsick; M Pahor; S Kritchevsky; L Launer; L Kuller; S Rubin; T Harris Journal: Neurology Date: 2003-07-08 Impact factor: 9.910
Authors: Reinhold Schmidt; Helena Schmidt; J David Curb; Kamal Masaki; Lon R White; Lenore J Launer Journal: Ann Neurol Date: 2002-08 Impact factor: 10.422
Authors: Supawadee Naorungroj; Victor J Schoenbach; Lisa Wruck; Thomas H Mosley; Rebecca F Gottesman; Alvaro Alonso; Gerardo Heiss; James Beck; Gary D Slade Journal: Community Dent Oral Epidemiol Date: 2014-11-03 Impact factor: 3.383
Authors: Supawadee Naorungroj; Victor J Schoenbach; James Beck; Thomas H Mosley; Rebecca F Gottesman; Alvaro Alonso; Gerardo Heiss; Gary D Slade Journal: J Am Dent Assoc Date: 2013-12 Impact factor: 3.634
Authors: Andrea L Metti; Kristine Yaffe; Robert M Boudreau; Eleanor M Simonsick; Ryan M Carnahan; Suzanne Satterfield; Tamara B Harris; Hilsa N Ayonayon; Caterina Rosano; Jane A Cauley Journal: Neurobiol Aging Date: 2014-06-06 Impact factor: 4.673
Authors: B Daly; A Thompsell; J Sharpling; Y M Rooney; L Hillman; K L Wanyonyi; S White; J E Gallagher Journal: Br Dent J Date: 2017-12-01 Impact factor: 1.626
Authors: Laura B Kaufman; Tiffany K Setiono; Gheorghe Doros; Stacy Andersen; Rebecca A Silliman; Paula K Friedman; Thomas T Perls Journal: J Am Geriatr Soc Date: 2014-06-02 Impact factor: 5.562
Authors: Eftychia Kotronia; S Goya Wannamethee; A Olia Papacosta; Peter H Whincup; Lucy T Lennon; Marjolein Visser; Robert J Weyant; Tamara B Harris; Sheena E Ramsay Journal: J Am Med Dir Assoc Date: 2019-08-10 Impact factor: 4.669
Authors: Eftychia Kotronia; Heather Brown; A Olia Papacosta; Lucy T Lennon; Robert J Weyant; Peter H Whincup; S Goya Wannamethee; Sheena E Ramsay Journal: Br J Nutr Date: 2021-01-20 Impact factor: 3.718
Authors: Eftychia Kotronia; S Goya Wannamethee; A Olia Papacosta; Peter H Whincup; Lucy T Lennon; Marjolein Visser; Yvonne L Kapila; Robert J Weyant; Sheena E Ramsay Journal: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci Date: 2021-01-18 Impact factor: 6.053