BACKGROUND: In India where the prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing organisms among gram negative organisms is 60-70% and Ertapenem was unavailable at the beginning of this study, exclusive use of Group 2 Carbapenems (Imipenem and Meropenem) for treatment raises issues of cost and development of resistance. Therefore the role of non-Carbapenem alternatives, chiefly Betalactam + Betalactamase inhibitors (BL-BLI) was explored in this prospective observational study at a private tertiary care teaching hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 522 consecutive in door patients from the period between June 2006 to March 2007and June 2008 to December 2008, who had true infections with ESBL producing organisms were enrolled in the study. Antimicrobials were prescribed or changed by the treating physicians on the basis of the nature and severity of infection, the susceptibility of the organism and the affordability of the patient. Patients who received a Carbapenem at any time during treatment were considered in the Carbapenem group. Those who never received a Carbapenem at any time during treatment were considered in the non-Carbapenem group. RESULTS: Of the 522 infections, 287 were urinary tract infections, 60 were skin structure infections, 60 were bacteremias, 55 were hospital acquired pneumonias, 31 were intra-abdominal infections and 29 were other infections. There were 351 E. coli, 119 K. pneumoniae, 23 K. oxytoca, 16 Enterobacter aerogenes, 5 Kozoanae, 4 Enterobacter agglomerans, 3 Citrobacter freundi, 1 E. cloacae, 1 Enterobacterspp. and 1 Morgenella morganii isolates. Clinical outcomes were available for 486 patients. 339 patients who were in the non-Carbapenem group and who might have had less serious infections had a clinical success rate of 79.6%. 147 patients who were in the Carbapenem group and who might have had more serious infections had a clinical success rate of 85.71%. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to successfully treat at least the less serious infections due to ESBL producing gram negative organisms with non-Carbapenem antimicrobials. This will not compromise outcomes but will likely result in restricting the use of Carbapenems which may help preserve their efficacy against increasingly resistant organisms.
BACKGROUND: In India where the prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing organisms among gram negative organisms is 60-70% and Ertapenem was unavailable at the beginning of this study, exclusive use of Group 2 Carbapenems (Imipenem and Meropenem) for treatment raises issues of cost and development of resistance. Therefore the role of non-Carbapenem alternatives, chiefly Betalactam + Betalactamase inhibitors (BL-BLI) was explored in this prospective observational study at a private tertiary care teaching hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 522 consecutive in door patients from the period between June 2006 to March 2007and June 2008 to December 2008, who had true infections with ESBL producing organisms were enrolled in the study. Antimicrobials were prescribed or changed by the treating physicians on the basis of the nature and severity of infection, the susceptibility of the organism and the affordability of the patient. Patients who received a Carbapenem at any time during treatment were considered in the Carbapenem group. Those who never received a Carbapenem at any time during treatment were considered in the non-Carbapenem group. RESULTS: Of the 522 infections, 287 were urinary tract infections, 60 were skin structure infections, 60 were bacteremias, 55 were hospital acquired pneumonias, 31 were intra-abdominal infections and 29 were other infections. There were 351 E. coli, 119 K. pneumoniae, 23 K. oxytoca, 16 Enterobacter aerogenes, 5 Kozoanae, 4 Enterobacter agglomerans, 3 Citrobacter freundi, 1 E. cloacae, 1 Enterobacterspp. and 1 Morgenella morganii isolates. Clinical outcomes were available for 486 patients. 339 patients who were in the non-Carbapenem group and who might have had less serious infections had a clinical success rate of 79.6%. 147 patients who were in the Carbapenem group and who might have had more serious infections had a clinical success rate of 85.71%. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to successfully treat at least the less serious infections due to ESBL producing gram negative organisms with non-Carbapenem antimicrobials. This will not compromise outcomes but will likely result in restricting the use of Carbapenems which may help preserve their efficacy against increasingly resistant organisms.
Authors: Massimo Sartelli; Dieter G Weber; Etienne Ruppé; Matteo Bassetti; Brian J Wright; Luca Ansaloni; Fausto Catena; Federico Coccolini; Fikri M Abu-Zidan; Raul Coimbra; Ernest E Moore; Frederick A Moore; Ronald V Maier; Jan J De Waele; Andrew W Kirkpatrick; Ewen A Griffiths; Christian Eckmann; Adrian J Brink; John E Mazuski; Addison K May; Rob G Sawyer; Dominik Mertz; Philippe Montravers; Anand Kumar; Jason A Roberts; Jean-Louis Vincent; Richard R Watkins; Warren Lowman; Brad Spellberg; Iain J Abbott; Abdulrashid Kayode Adesunkanmi; Sara Al-Dahir; Majdi N Al-Hasan; Ferdinando Agresta; Asma A Althani; Shamshul Ansari; Rashid Ansumana; Goran Augustin; Miklosh Bala; Zsolt J Balogh; Oussama Baraket; Aneel Bhangu; Marcelo A Beltrán; Michael Bernhard; Walter L Biffl; Marja A Boermeester; Stephen M Brecher; Jill R Cherry-Bukowiec; Otmar R Buyne; Miguel A Cainzos; Kelly A Cairns; Adrian Camacho-Ortiz; Sujith J Chandy; Asri Che Jusoh; Alain Chichom-Mefire; Caroline Colijn; Francesco Corcione; Yunfeng Cui; Daniel Curcio; Samir Delibegovic; Zaza Demetrashvili; Belinda De Simone; Sameer Dhingra; José J Diaz; Isidoro Di Carlo; Angel Dillip; Salomone Di Saverio; Michael P Doyle; Gereltuya Dorj; Agron Dogjani; Hervé Dupont; Soumitra R Eachempati; Mushira Abdulaziz Enani; Valery N Egiev; Mutasim M Elmangory; Paula Ferrada; Joseph R Fitchett; Gustavo P Fraga; Nathalie Guessennd; Helen Giamarellou; Wagih Ghnnam; George Gkiokas; Staphanie R Goldberg; Carlos Augusto Gomes; Harumi Gomi; Manuel Guzmán-Blanco; Mainul Haque; Sonja Hansen; Andreas Hecker; Wolfgang R Heizmann; Torsten Herzog; Adrien Montcho Hodonou; Suk-Kyung Hong; Reinhold Kafka-Ritsch; Lewis J Kaplan; Garima Kapoor; Aleksandar Karamarkovic; Martin G Kees; Jakub Kenig; Ronald Kiguba; Peter K Kim; Yoram Kluger; Vladimir Khokha; Kaoru Koike; Kenneth Y Y Kok; Victory Kong; Matthew C Knox; Kenji Inaba; Arda Isik; Katia Iskandar; Rao R Ivatury; Maurizio Labbate; Francesco M Labricciosa; Pierre-François Laterre; Rifat Latifi; Jae Gil Lee; Young Ran Lee; Marc Leone; Ari Leppaniemi; Yousheng Li; Stephen Y Liang; Tonny Loho; Marc Maegele; Sydney Malama; Hany E Marei; Ignacio Martin-Loeches; Sanjay Marwah; Amos Massele; Michael McFarlane; Renato Bessa Melo; Ionut Negoi; David P Nicolau; Carl Erik Nord; Richard Ofori-Asenso; AbdelKarim H Omari; Carlos A Ordonez; Mouaqit Ouadii; Gerson Alves Pereira Júnior; Diego Piazza; Guntars Pupelis; Timothy Miles Rawson; Miran Rems; Sandro Rizoli; Claudio Rocha; Boris Sakakushev; Miguel Sanchez-Garcia; Norio Sato; Helmut A Segovia Lohse; Gabriele Sganga; Boonying Siribumrungwong; Vishal G Shelat; Kjetil Soreide; Rodolfo Soto; Peep Talving; Jonathan V Tilsed; Jean-Francois Timsit; Gabriel Trueba; Ngo Tat Trung; Jan Ulrych; Harry van Goor; Andras Vereczkei; Ravinder S Vohra; Imtiaz Wani; Waldemar Uhl; Yonghong Xiao; Kuo-Ching Yuan; Sanoop K Zachariah; Jean-Ralph Zahar; Tanya L Zakrison; Antonio Corcione; Rita M Melotti; Claudio Viscoli; Perluigi Viale Journal: World J Emerg Surg Date: 2016-07-15 Impact factor: 5.469