Transcriptional regulation of the copper transporter mfc1 in meiotic cells.

Mfc1 is a meiosis-specific protein that mediates copper transport during the meiotic program in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Although the mfc1(+) gene is induced at the transcriptional level in response to copper deprivation, the molecular determinants that are required for its copper starvation-dependent induction are unknown. Promoter deletion and site-directed mutagenesis have allowed identification of a new cis-regulatory element in the promoter region of the mfc1(+) gene. This cis-acting regulatory sequence containing the sequence TCGGCG is responsible for transcriptional activation of mfc1(+) under low-copper conditions. The TCGGCG sequence contains a CGG triplet known to serve as a binding site for members of the Zn(2)Cys(6) binuclear cluster transcriptional regulator family. In agreement with this fact, one member of this group of regulators, denoted Mca1, was found to be required for maximum induction of mfc1(+) gene expression. Analysis of Mca1 cellular distribution during meiosis revealed that it colocalizes with both chromosomes and sister chromatids during early, middle, and late phases of the meiotic program. Cells lacking Mca1 exhibited a meiotic arrest at metaphase I under low-copper conditions. Binding studies revealed that the N-terminal 150-residue segment of Mca1 expressed as a fusion protein in Escherichia coli specifically interacts with the TCGGCG sequence of the mfc1(+) promoter. Taken together, these results identify the cis-regulatory TCGGCG sequence and the transcription factor Mca1 as critical components for activation of the meiotic copper transport mfc1(+) gene in response to copper starvation.