Adjustment of antiretroviral regimen may lead to HBV reactivation even in patients with past HBV infection serological profile.

We report a reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patient despite a serological profile of past HBV infection with anti-HBs and anti-HBc antibodies, following the interruption of tenofovir/emtricitabine. In HBV-HIV co-infected patients, close monitoring of HBV viral load and serological markers is required for antiretroviral management, particularly after interruption of drugs active for HBV.